Skip to main content

Main menu

  • HOME
  • ARTICLES
    • Current Issue
    • Ahead of Print
    • Archives
    • Abstracts In Press
    • Special Issue Archive
    • Subject Collections
  • INFO FOR
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Call For Papers
    • Subscribers
    • Advertisers
  • SUBMIT
    • Manuscript
    • Peer Review
  • ABOUT
    • The JABFM
    • Editorial Board
    • Indexing
    • Editors' Blog
  • CLASSIFIEDS
  • Other Publications
    • abfm

User menu

Search

  • Advanced search
American Board of Family Medicine
  • Other Publications
    • abfm
American Board of Family Medicine

American Board of Family Medicine

Advanced Search

  • HOME
  • ARTICLES
    • Current Issue
    • Ahead of Print
    • Archives
    • Abstracts In Press
    • Special Issue Archive
    • Subject Collections
  • INFO FOR
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Call For Papers
    • Subscribers
    • Advertisers
  • SUBMIT
    • Manuscript
    • Peer Review
  • ABOUT
    • The JABFM
    • Editorial Board
    • Indexing
    • Editors' Blog
  • CLASSIFIEDS
  • JABFM On Twitter
  • JABFM On YouTube
  • JABFM On Facebook
Research ArticleOriginal Research

Body Mass Index, Diabetes, Hypertension, and Short-Term Mortality: A Population-Based Observational Study, 2000–2006

Anthony Jerant and Peter Franks
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine July 2012, 25 (4) 422-431; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2012.04.110289
Anthony Jerant
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Peter Franks
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • Tables
  • Figure 1.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    Figure 1.

    Adjusted mortality hazard among individuals without and with diabetes, by body mass index category. Bars around point estimates indicate 95% confidence interval. Analyses have been adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, household income, health insurance status, urban versus rural residence, and Census region) and Medical Expenditure Panel Survey response year. BMI, body mass index (kg/m2); DM, diabetes mellitus.

Tables

  • Figures
    • View popup
    Table 1. Characteristics of the Study Sample by Body Mass Index Category
    CharacteristicBody Mass Index CategoryTotal (N = 50,994)
    <20 kg/m2 (n = 2673; 5.6%)20–<25 kg/m2 (n = 15,612; 32.5%)25–<30 kg/m2 (n = 18,299; 35.9%)30–<35 kg/m2 (n = 9,098; 16.6%)≥35 kg/m2 (n = 5312; 9.4%)
    Age (years)
        18–2932.1 (1.1)22.5 (0.5)15.6 (0.4)13.9 (0.4)13.9 (0.6)18.3 (0.3)
        30–3919.4 (0.9)20.5 (0.4)19.3 (0.4)19.7 (0.5)21.3 (0.7)19.9 (0.2)
        40–4915.7 (0.8)19.7 (0.4)22.2 (0.4)23.4 (0.5)24.7 (0.7)21.4 (0.3)
        50–599.9 (0.6)14.8 (0.4)18.0 (0.3)19.8 (0.5)21.1 (0.7)17.1 (0.2)
        60–697.0 (0.5)9.2 (0.3)11.9 (0.3)12.3 (0.4)11.4 (0.5)10.8 (0.2)
        ≥7015.9 (0.9)13.3 (0.4)12.9(0.4)11.0 (0.4)7.6 (0.5)12.4 (0.3)
    Female74.6 (1.1)59.2 (0.4)42.0 (0.4)48.9 (0.6)60.8 (0.8)52.3 (0.2)
    Race/ethnicity
        White75.1 (1.0)74.5 (0.7)72.8 (0.8)69.5 (0.9)67.2 (1.2)72.4 (0.7)
        Hispanic7.5 (0.6)9.3 (0.4)12.2 (0.6)13.2 (0.8)11.7 (0.9)11.1 (0.5)
        Black6.9 (0.6)8.0 (0.4)9.8 (0.4)13.1 (0.6)17.7 (1.0)10.4 (0.4)
        Other10.5 (0.8)8.2 (0.4)5.2 (0.3)4.1 (0.3)3.4 (0.4)6.1 (0.3)
    Education
        Less than HS6.2 (0.5)5.5 (0.2)7.3 (0.3)7.3 (0.3)6.6 (0.4)6.6 (0.2)
        Some HS11.0 (0.6)9.5 (0.3)10.5 (0.3)12.9 (0.4)14.4 (0.6)10.9 (0.2)
        HS graduate31.5 (1.2)30.4 (0.5)33.6 (0.5)36.3 (0.7)37.0 (1.0)33.2 (0.4)
        Some college23.0 (1.1)23.7 (0.4)21.8 (0.4)23.5 (0.5)25.8 (0.9)23.2 (0.3)
        College graduate27.9 (1.3)30.9 (0.7)26.8 (0.6)20.0 (0.6)16.2 (0.8)26.1 (0.5)
    Income (% FPL)
        <10013.3 (0.8)9.9 (0.3)8.9 (0.3)10.7 (0.4)14.0 (0.6)10.3 (0.2)
        100-<1254.8 (0.5)3.6 (0.2)4.0 (0.2)4.1 (0.3)4.8 (0.3)4.0 (0.1)
        125-<20015.0 (0.8)12.8 (0.3)13.1 (0.3)13.3 (0.4)15.2 (0.6)13.3 (0.3)
        200-<40030.2 (1.0)30.3 (0.6)30.5 (0.4)32.4 (0.6)34.5 (0.9)31.1 (0.3)
        ≥40036.7 (1.3)43.3 (0.7)43.5 (0.6)39.4 (0.8)31.5 (1.0)41.2 (0.6)
    Health insurance
        Private69.9 (1.1)75.1 (0.5)74.7 (0.5)73.9 (0.7)68.6 (0.9)73.9 (0.5)
        Public16.1 (0.8)12.3 (0.4)12.9 (0.4)14.1 (0.5)17.8 (0.7)13.6 (0.3)
        None14.0 (0.8)12.6 (0.4)12.3 (0.4)12.0 (0.5)13.6 (0.6)12.6 (0.3)
    Urban residence81.8 (1.2)82.8 (0.9)81.2 (0.9)79.4 (1.0)77.9 (1.3)81.2 (0.9)
    Census region
        Northeast17.9 (1.2)19.7 (1.0)19.7 (1.0)19.1 (1.0)17.6 (1.0)16.2 (1.1)
        Midwest23.1 (1.2)22.5 (1.0)23.3 (1.0)23.2 (1.1)24.9 (1.2)23.2 (0.9)
        South36.1 (1.7)34.8 (1.4)36.0 (1.3)38.9 (1.5)41.5 (1.5)36.6 (1.3)
        West22.9 (1.7)23.0 (1.4)21.6 (1.4)20.3 (1.3)17.4 (1.6)21.5 (1.3)
    Smoker29.8 (1.0)24.0 (0.4)21.6 (0.4)20.5 (0.5)19.5 (0.7)22.5 (0.3)
    Diabetes1.9 (0.3)3.5 (0.2)6.4 (0.2)11.2 (0.3)18.2 (0.6)7.1 (0.2)
    Hypertension12.3 (0.7)17.0 (0.4)26.9 (0.5)36.7 (0.6)44.4 (0.9)26.1 (0.3)
    • Values provided are population-weighted percentages (standard errors in parentheses).

    • FPL, Federal Poverty Level; HS, high school.

    • View popup
    Table 2. Adjusted* Mortality by Body Mass Index Category, without and with Adjustment for Diabetes and Hypertension
    Model VariablesModel without Diabetes or HypertensionModel with Diabetes or Hypertension
    HR (95% CI)PHR (95% CI)P
    Age1.09 (1.08–1.10)<.0011.09 (1.08–1.09)<.001
    Female0.54 (0.47–0.62)<.0010.54 (0.47–0.62)<.001
    Race/ethnicity (reference = white)
        Hispanic0.65 (0.54–0.78)<.0010.62 (0.52–0.75)<.001
        Black1.26 (1.04–1.52).021.18 (0.98–1.42).09
        Other1.05 (0.80–1.39).721.04 (0.79–1.37).77
    Education (reference = <high school)
        Some high school0.99 (0.83–1.18).910.98 (0.82–1.17).85
        High school graduate0.83 (0.71–0.97).020.85 (0.73–0.99).03
        Some college0.76 (0.61–0.93).0090.78 (0.63–0.96).02
        College graduate0.64 (0.52–0.80)<.0010.67 (0.54–0.83)<.001
    Income, % FPL (reference = <100% FPL)
        100-<1251.02 (0.76–1.37).871.03 (0.77–1.37).84
        125-<2000.98 (0.80–1.20).840.97 (0.80–1.19).79
        200-<4000.88 (0.74–1.05).160.89 (0.74–1.06).19
        ≥4000.77 (0.62–0.96).020.78 (0.63–0.97).02
    Health insurance (reference = private)
        Public1.30 (1.12–1.51).0011.26 (1.08–1.46).003
        None1.08 (0.77–1.49).661.13 (0.81–1.58).46
    Urban residence0.89 (0.78–1.01).070.89 (0.78–1.02).09
    Census region (reference = Northeast)
        Midwest0.98 (0.82–1.17).800.99 (0.83–1.18).88
        South1.20 (1.02–1.40).021.18 (1.01–1.36).03
        West1.14 (0.96–1.35).151.13 (0.95–1.34).16
    Smoker1.71 (1.49–1.96)<.0011.75 (1.52–2.00)<.001
    Diabetes——1.80 (1.56–2.08)<.001
    Hypertension——1.22 (1.07–1.38).003
    BMI category, kg/m2 (reference = 20–<25 kg/m2)
        <201.78 (1.44–2.20)<.0011.90 (1.54–2.34)<.001
        25-<300.80 (0.69–0.92).0020.75 (0.65–0.87)<.001
        30-<350.93 (0.78–1.11).440.81 (0.68–0.97).02
        ≥351.26 (1.00–1.59).051.02 (0.80–1.30).89
    • ↵* Analyses also adjusted for Medical Expenditure Panel Survey response year.

    • BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; FPL, Federal Poverty Level; HR, hazard ratio.

    • View popup
    Table 3. Adjusted* Relationship Between Body Mass Index Category and Mortality, Including Interaction Between Body Mass Index and Diabetes
    Model VariablesHR (95% CI)P
    Age1.09 (1.08–1.09)<.001
    Female0.54 (0.48–0.62)<.001
    Race/ethnicity (reference = white)
        Hispanic0.61 (0.50–0.74)<.001
        Black1.19 (0.98–1.43).07
        Other1.04 (0.79–1.37).78
    Education (reference = <high school)
        Some high school0.98 (0.83–1.17).86
        High school graduate0.85 (0.73–0.98).03
        Some college0.77 (0.63–0.95).01
        College graduate0.66 (0.54–0.82)<.001
    Income, % FPL (reference = <100% FPL)
        100-<1251.02 (0.76–1.36).89
        125-<2000.98 (0.80–1.20).82
        200-<4000.89 (0.74–1.06).19
        ≥4000.78 (0.63–0.96).02
    Health insurance (reference = private)
        Public1.27 (1.09–1.47).002
        None1.12 (0.80–1.56).51
    Urban residence0.89 (0.78–1.02).09
    Census region (reference = Northeast)
        Midwest0.99 (0.83–1.18).90
        South1.18 (1.02–1.38).03
        West1.13 (0.95–1.34).16
    Smoker1.74 (1.51–1.99)<.001
    Diabetes2.60 (2.00–3.38)<.001
    BMI category, kg/m2 (reference = 20-<25 kg/m2)
        <202.00 (1.59–2.50)<.001
        25-<300.80 (0.68–0.95).01
        30-<350.97 (0.78–1.19).76
        ≥351.27 (0.96–1.69).10
    Diabetes (present)*BMI interaction, kg/m2
        <200.58 (0.24–1.40).22
        25-<300.73 (0.50–1.08).11
        30-<350.54 (0.36–0.81).003
        ≥350.53 (0.34–0.83).006
    • ↵* Analyses also adjusted for Medical Expenditure Panel Survey response year.

    • BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; FPL, Federal Poverty Level; HR, hazard ratio.

PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

The Journal of the American Board of Family     Medicine: 25 (4)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 25, Issue 4
July-August 2012
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Cover (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Back Matter (PDF)
  • Front Matter (PDF)
Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Board of Family Medicine.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Body Mass Index, Diabetes, Hypertension, and Short-Term Mortality: A Population-Based Observational Study, 2000–2006
(Your Name) has sent you a message from American Board of Family Medicine
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Board of Family Medicine web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
5 + 7 =
Solve this simple math problem and enter the result. E.g. for 1+3, enter 4.
Citation Tools
Body Mass Index, Diabetes, Hypertension, and Short-Term Mortality: A Population-Based Observational Study, 2000–2006
Anthony Jerant, Peter Franks
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jul 2012, 25 (4) 422-431; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2012.04.110289

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Body Mass Index, Diabetes, Hypertension, and Short-Term Mortality: A Population-Based Observational Study, 2000–2006
Anthony Jerant, Peter Franks
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jul 2012, 25 (4) 422-431; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2012.04.110289
Reddit logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Conclusions
    • Notes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • BMI and All-Cause Mortality in Normoglycemia, Impaired Fasting Glucose, Newly Diagnosed Diabetes, and Prevalent Diabetes: A Cohort Study
  • BMI and all cause mortality: systematic review and non-linear dose-response meta-analysis of 230 cohort studies with 3.74 million deaths among 30.3 million participants
  • J-shapedness: an often missed, often miscalculated relation: the example of weight and mortality
  • Content Usage and the Most Frequently Read Articles by Issue in 2012
  • Cardiovascular Diseases and Other Evidence for Primary Care Clinical Practice
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Interpersonal Primary Care Continuity for Chronic Conditions Is Associated with Fewer Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits Among Medicaid Enrollees
  • Food Insecurity Screening in Safety-Net Clinics in Los Angeles County: Lessons for Post-Pandemic Planning
  • The Prevalence of Periodontitis Among US Adults with Multimorbidity Using NHANES Data 2011–2014
Show more Original Research

Similar Articles

Navigate

  • Home
  • Current Issue
  • Past Issues

Authors & Reviewers

  • Info For Authors
  • Info For Reviewers
  • Submit A Manuscript/Review

Other Services

  • Get Email Alerts
  • Classifieds
  • Reprints and Permissions

Other Resources

  • Forms
  • Contact Us
  • ABFM News

© 2023 American Board of Family Medicine

Powered by HighWire