Low Education as a Risk Factor for Undiagnosed Angina

Article Figures & Data

Table 1. Questions on the Rose Questionnaire

1.	Have you ever had any pain or discomfort in your chest?
2.	Do you get it when you walk uphill or hurry?
3.	Do you get it when you walk at an ordinary pace on level ground?
4.	What do you do if you get it while you are walking?
5.	Do you stop or slow down or continue at the same pace?
6.	If you stand still, what happens to it?
7.	Is the pain or discomfort relieved or not relieved?
8.	How soon is the pain relieved?
9.	Where is the pain or discomfort located?

Table 2. Characteristics of Participants with Undiagnosed and Diagnosed Angina

Variable	Undiagnosed Angina Symptoms		P^*
Variable	Yes	No	P^*
All	62.8 (359)	37.2 (669)
Education			.1164
High school/equivalent or less	59.0 (237)	53.5 (390)
More than high school	41.0 (122)	46.5 (279)
Sex			.0004
Female	62.6 (219)	47.8 (312)
Male	37.4 (140)	52.2 (357)
Age, years			<.0001
40-<55	50.4 (141)	22.3 (103)
55-<65	23.4 (92)	21.5 (127)
≥65	26.2 (126)	56.2 (439)
Race/ethnicity			<.0001
Hispanic/Mexican	7.5 (62)	6.4 (108)
Non-Hispanic black	17.7 (104)	6.3 (76)
Non-Hispanic white	68.7 (182)	82.7 (460)
Other	6.0 (11)	4.7 (25)
Poverty income ratio (%)			.0134
<100	23.4 (100)	13.8 (109)
100-<200	26.3 (113)	31.8 (262)
200-<300	14.9 (60)	17.4 (109)
≥300	35.3 (86)	37.0 (189)
Health care during the past year			.0020
No	10.0 (28)	3.4 (22)
Yes	90.0 (331)	96.6 (647)

Values provided as % (n). Column percentages reported are weighted to the noninstitutionalized US population.
↵* χ² test for association.

Table 3. Predictors of Undiagnosed Angina

Variable	Odds Ratio (95% Limits)	P^*
Education		.0446
High school/equivalent or less	1.43 (1.01–2.03)
More than high school	1.00 (1.00–1.00)
Sex		.0005
Female	1.95 (1.36–2.81)
Male	1.00 (1.00–1.00)
Age, years		<.0001
40-<55	1.00 (1.00–1.00)
55-<65	0.51 (0.33–0.79)
≥65	0.23 (0.17–0.31)
Race/ethnicity		.0003
Hispanic/Mexican	0.83 (0.49–1.39)
Non-Hispanic black	2.56 (1.67–3.93)
Non-Hispanic white	1.00 (1.00–1.00)
Other	1.40 (0.60–3.25)
Poverty income ratio (%)		.7654
<100	1.08 (0.64–1.81)
100-<200	0.86 (0.54–1.37)
200-<300	0.89 (0.45–1.73)
≥300	1.00 (1.00–1.00)
Health care visit during the past year		.0012
No	2.81 (1.53–5.16)
Yes	1.00 (1.00–1.00)