Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Subject flow diagram.
Tables
Not Current With CRC Screening Current With CRC Screening P Age, years (n =622) 50–59 121 (46.4) 140 (53.6) .002 60–69 92 (38.3) 148 (61.7) 70–79 33 (27.3) 88 (72.7) Sex (n = 623) Female 178 (39.5) 273 (60.5) .779 Male 70 (40.7) 102 (59.3) Race* (n = 615) African American 60 (49.6) 61 (50.4) .009 White 181 (36.6) 313 (63.4) Marital status (n = 562) Not married 83 (41.3) 118 (58.7) .171 Married or member of unmarried couple 128 (35.5) 233 (64.5) Education (n = 562) Some high school or less 47 (43.9) 60 (56.1) .005 High school graduate, GED, or some college 135 (40.2) 201 (59.8) College graduate 30 (25.2) 89 (74.8) Insurance status (n = 563) No health care insurance coverage 47 (74.6) 16 (25.4) <.0001 Health care insurance coverage 167 (33.4) 333 (66.6) Personal doctor (n = 562) Does not have personal doctor 34 (85.0) 6 (15.0) <.0001 Does have personal doctor 179 (34.3) 343 (65.7) County (n = 627) McDuffie 164 (42.8) 219 (57.2) .036 Screven 84 (34.4) 160 (65.6) Knows family member with CRC (n = 561) Family member without CRC 190 (40.4) 280 (59.6) .006 Family member with CRC 23 (25.3) 68 (74.7) Knows person with CRC (n = 558) No known person with CRC 130 (43.2) 171 (56.8) .003 Knows person with CRC 80 (31.1) 177 (68.9) Worried about CRC (n = 558) No worry about CRC 177 (37.8) 291 (62.2) .557 Worries about CRC 37 (41.1) 53 (58.9) Perceived risk of CRC compared to others (n = 365) Lower than men or women same age 30 (33.3) 60 (66.7) .015 Same as men or women same age 83 (44.4) 104 (55.6) Higher than men or women same age 24 (27.3) 64 (72.7) Values shown as n (%). χ2 analyses were conducted for the above factors.
↵* Other races not included in analyses because of small sample size (n = 7).
CRC, colorectal cancer; GED, general education development certificate.
- Table 2. Current Screening Status by Fecal Occult Blood Test, Flexible Sigmoidoscopy, or Colonoscopy, By Demographics
FOBT* P Flexible Sigmoidoscopy* P Colonoscopy* P Sex Male 43 (25.0) .53 47 (27.3) .16 82 (47.7) .66 Female 124 (27.5) 99 (22.0) 206 (45.7) Race† White 132 (26.7) .81 125 (25.3) .15 252 (51.0) <.001 African American 31 (25.6) 23 (19.0) 36 (29.8) Age (years) 50–59 57 (21.8) .003 53 (20.3) .13 109 (41.8) <.001 60–69 81 (33.8) 57 (23.8) 106 (44.2) 70–79 25 (20.7) 36 (29.8) 75 (62.0) - Table 3. Perceived Barriers to Colorectal Cancer Screening by Screening Status, Race, and Education*
Screening Status Race Education Not Current Current P Whites African Americans P High School or Less Greater Than High School Education P General (n = 588)† CRC screening is not needed because I have no problems 2.52 2.01 <.001 2.19 2.25 .598 2.25 1.96 .003 Physician spent enough time discussing CRC screening 2.51 3.13 <.001 2.95 2.70 .018 2.87 3.01 .19 CRC screening cost is high 2.45 1.92 <.001 2.06 2.37 .005 2.21 1.83 <.001 CRC screening is embarrassing 2.24 2.07 .033 2.20 1.91 .005 2.16 2.00 .10 Afraid might find something wrong 2.06 1.62 <.001 1.76 1.92 .087 1.80 1.57 .006 Insufficient time for CRC screening 1.93 1.57 <.001 1.70 1.75 .554 1.74 1.52 .005 Barriers scale (summed general barriers items) 13.55 12.21 <.001 12.67 12.70 .923 11.77 12.85 <.001 FOBT‡ (n = 326) Do not know how to perform FOBT 2.19 2.17 .88 2.90 2.49 <.001 2.67 2.06 <.001 Collecting a sample for FOBT is unpleasant 2.07 2.13 .56 2.17 2.31 .18 2.20 2.20 .999 I do not have privacy to collect sample for FOBT 1.80 1.86 .61 1.80 2.41 <.001 2.00 1.58 <.001 Flexible sigmoidoscopy (n = 367)§ Think flexible sigmoidoscopy is painful 2.49 2.11 .03 2.47 2.64 .18 2.21 1.93 .07 Anxious because don't really understand what is done 1.87 1.97 .47 2.16 2.37 .05 2.26 2.01 .009 Following special diet or taking laxative, enema keeps me from having flexible sigmoidoscopy 1.86 1.79 .58 1.80 2.14 <.001 1.82 1.71 .007 Colonoscopy (n = 539)‖ I think colonoscopy is painful 2.69 1.82 <.001 2.12 2.46 .003 2.21 1.93 .007 I am anxious because I don't really understand what is done 2.13 1.77 .12 1.92 2.35 <0.001 2.06 1.71 <.001 I am afraid of possible bleeding or tearing of colon 2.44 1.79 .002 1.96 2.28 .001 2.02 1.85 .05 Special diet or taking laxatives or enema will keep me from having a colonoscopy 1.69 1.64 .79 1.75 2.05 <.001 1.82 1.71 .16 I will have transportation problems (need someone to drive you home) 1.80 1.57 .20 1.62 2.021.86 <.001 1.74 1.50 .001 General: all tests (n = 559)¶ Find CRC early may save my life 3.53 3.68 .001 3.64 3.57 .21 3.61 3.71 .078 If you find CRC early, it is not as bad 3.42 3.54 .017 3.51 3.43 .21 3.47 3.60 .038 Need to find CRC early 3.44 3.58 .002 3.52 3.55 .70 3.52 3.60 .130 Finding CRC decrease chances of dying from it 3.22 3.45 .001 3.41 3.14 .002 3.33 3.52 .020 If screened for CRC, then I would worry less 3.20 3.47 <.001 3.41 3.19 .004 3.35 3.45 .165 Benefits scale (n = 484) (summed benefits items) 16.88 17.84 <.001 17.59 16.99 .04 17.37 18.01 .013 ↵* Survey used 4-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = agree, 4 = strongly agree).
↵† Includes all respondents who completed these items; current status based on any current colorectal cancer (CRC) test.
↵‡ Includes respondents who had heard of fecal occult blood test (FOBT) prior to interview; current status based on current status on FOBT test.
↵§ Includes respondents who had heard of flexible sigmoidoscopy prior to interview; current status based on current status on flexible sigmoidoscopy test.
↵‖ Includes respondents who had heard of colonoscopy prior to interview; current status based on current status on colonoscopy test.
↵¶ Includes all respondents who completed these items; current status based on any current CRC test.
Explanatory Variable Estimated Coefficient Standard Error χ2 P Odds Ratio 95% CI Barrier items My physician has spent enough time discussing colorectal cancer and the screening tests. 0.80 0.12 46.81 <.001 2.22 1.76–2.78 You do not need to do a screening test for colorectal cancer because you have no problems. −0.58 0.12 24.92 <.001 0.56 0.44–0.70 Benefit item A screening test will decrease your chances of dying from colorectal cancer. 0.35 0.14 6.26 .012 1.42 1.08–1.87 Social influences and support question Has anyone in your immediate family had colorectal cancer? 0.58 0.29 3.86 .049 1.79 1.00–3.18 CI, confidence interval
