Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Percentage of self-reported protective or social risk factors by age.
Tables
Variable Patients, n (%) Age 11 128 (5.9) 12 258 (11.8) 13 273 (12.5) 14 400 (18.3) 15 351 (16.1) 16 369 (16.9) 17 299 (13.7) 18 106 (4.9) Sex Female 1162 (53.2) Male 1022 (46.8) Grade 5th 48 (2.2) 6th 185 (8.5) 7th 230 (10.5) 8th 316 (14.5) 9th 399 (18.3) 10th 330 (15.1) 11th 356 (16.3) 12th 298 (13.6) After high school 3 (0.1) Not in school 19 (0.9) Social risk factors Do you have any questions or are you worried about the following items and wish to talk to the doctor about them? Trouble sleeping 159 (7.3) Feeling tired a lot 243 (11.1) Feeling stressed often 234 (10.7) Your anger or temper 125 (5.7) About fitting in or belonging 41 (1.9) Headaches 80 (3.7) Does anyone in your family drink or take drugs so much it worries you? 99 (4.5) Ever used illicit substances (alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs) 506 (23.2) Protective factors Do you volunteer in school, church, or community?* 527 (24.1) Do you feel like you belong to a group (family, friends, or teammates)?* 1596 (73.1) Do you feel more independent as you get older?* 1994 (91.3) Do you feel like you are good at doing anything in particular (math, theater, or sports)?* 2018 (92.4) Do you have at least one friend to talk with about problems? 2059 (94.3) Do you think your parent(s) or guardian(s) usually listen to you and take you seriously? 1964 (89.9) Assets Reported, n (score) 0 23 (1.1) 1 101 (4.6) 2 517 (23.7) 3 1045 (47.8) 4 452 (20.7) Positive screen for depression (≥3 on PHQ-2) or anxiety (≥3 on GAD-2) Depression 104 (4.8) Anxiety 138 (6.3) ↵* These 4 questions were scored as together as assets.
PHQ-2, 2-question Patient Health Questionnaire; GAD-2, 2-question Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale.
- Table 2. Incidence of Protective and Social Risk Factors for Depression and Anxiety by Age with Significant Differences Between Female and Male Adolescents*
Factor by Age Girls (%) Boys (%) Significance Trouble sleeping 14 years 9.0 4.0 .044 15 years 9.9 3.9 .034 16 years 8.7 3.7 .057 17 years — — — Feeling tired 14 years — — — 15 years 14.1 5.0 .005 16 years 20.9 8.6 .001 17 years 14.1 6.6 .040 Stressed 14 years 15.1 7.5 .018 15 years 16.3 3.9 .000 16 years 20.9 7.4 .000 17 years 15.3 4.4 .002 Parents listen† 14 years — — — 15 years 19.2 6.7 .001 16 years 17.0 6.7 .004 17 years — — — Variable Unadjusted OR (95% CI) Significance Adjusted OR (95% CI) Significance Depression Trouble sleeping 5.52 (3.45–8.82) .000 1.75 (0.95–3.21) .071 Feeling tired 4.32 (2.80–6.68) .000 1.04 (0.58–1.89) .897 Stressed 8.70 (5.75–13.17) .000 3.59 (2.12–6.07) .000 Anger 7.96 (4.95–12.82) .000 1.94 (1.07–3.52) .029 Fitting in 5.92 (2.75–12.75) .000 1.52 (0.56–4.13) .414 Headaches 2.65 (1.29–5.47) .008 0.98 (0.39–2.50) .971 Familial ETOH* 6.57 (3.86–11.18) .000 2.69 (1.45–5.00) .002 Substance use 3.14 (2.10–4.67) .000 2.05 (1.24–3.40) .005 Assets 0.57 (0.46–0.71) .000 0.65 (0.51–0.83) .001 Talk with friends† 0.23 (0.13–0.40) .000 0.55 (0.27–1.11) .093 Parents listen 0.13 (0.08–0.19) .000 0.34 (0.21–0.56) .000 Age 1.00 (0.90–1.11) 1.000 0.87 (0.77–0.98) .023 Sex 1.94 (1.27–2.96) .002 1.37 (0.87–2.17) .180 Anxiety Trouble sleeping 5.80 (3.81–8.83) .000 1.75 (1.03–2.98) .038 Feeling tired 5.04 (3.45–7.38) .000 1.08 (0.66–1.78) .759 Stressed 10.05 (6.94–14.55) .000 6.10 (3.94–9.43) .000 Anger 9.81 (6.41–15.04) .000 2.31 (1.36–3.93) .002 Fitting in 4.93 (2.36–10.27) .000 0.85 (0.32–2.26) .748 Headaches 2.73 (1.44–5.18) .002 1.53 (0.68–3.42) .301 Familial ETOH* 3.69 (2.14–6.37) .000 1.44 (0.77–2.68) .251 Substance use 3.04 (2.14–4.32) .000 1.97 (1.27–3.05) .003 Assets 0.68 (0.56–0.83) .000 0.82 (0.65–1.02) .069 Talk with friends† 0.32 (0.18–0.56) .000 0.60 (0.31–1.18) .138 Parents listen 0.17 (0.12–0.26) .000 0.49 (0.31–0.78) .003 Age 1.04 (0.95–1.13) .462 0.96 (0.87–1.07) .471 Sex 2.49 (1.69–3.66) .000 1.87 (1.24–2.83) .003
