Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) Return Rate. All patients were initially unscreened. There was no difference between these two groups (P = .498, chi-square test), but there was a significant increase in FIT return in both groups when compared with Medicare beneficiaries in the state of Iowa (P < .0001, individually and overall, one-sided binomial exact test).
Tables
Variables Percentage or Mean Age (mean years ± SD) 61.2 ± 6.7 Sex Female 51.7 Male 48.3 Marital status Single 14.3 Married 78.2 Widowed 7.5 Ethnicity Hispanic 0.8 Race White 99.2 Black 0.5 Asian 0.3 Educational level High school or less 38.5 Some college or higher 61.5 Insurance status Private 65.2 Medicare 30.3 None 7.2 Annual income <$40,000 39.6 $40,000 to <$80,000 44.4 ≥$80,000 16.1 - Table 2.
Summary of Baseline Survey for Those Assigned to Educational Intervention (n = 373)
Subject and Physician Characteristics Percentage Male patient sex 48.3 Male physician sex 63.5 Family history Immediate family member 12.4 More distant relative 11.4 Physician or nurse ever discussed having a test for CRC 64.2 Physician or nurse ever recommended CRC screening 53.8 Physician ever recommended a test for CRC because you had symptoms 10.0 My doctor has discussed CRC screening with me 46.1 Tests recommended by physician (n = 290) Colonoscopy 48.8 Fecal occult blood test (×3) 33.1 Flexible sigmoidoscopy 14.2 Barium enema 12.3 Fecal immunochemical test 10.0 Quality of CRC screening discussions (n = 237)* Comfort with asking your doctor questions about CRC screening 75.5 Satisfaction with doctor's discussions of screening importance 73.3 Input into the screening decision 67.2 Satisfaction with doctor's discussion of screening options 60.3 ↵* Responses were provided as “very” or “extremely.”
CRC, colorectal cancer.
Attitudes Toward Screening (n = 319) Category (%) Sample items* 1 (Strongly Disagree) 2–4 5 (Strongly Agree) I really think I should try to be screened for CRC in the next 6 months. 3 73 25 I have been thinking about whether I will be able to be screened for CRC. 13 79 9 I have had CRC screening in the past and I plan to continue. 22 70 8 I am aware of the importance of regular screening for CRC, but I can't do it right now. 15 80 4 I have set up a day and a time to be screened within the next 2 months. 46 51 3 As far as I am concerned, I don't need CRC screening. 25 74 2 I have not been screened and right now I don't care. 38 60 2 I don't have the time or energy to be screened for CRC right now. 33 65 2 I could be screened for CRC, but I don't plan to. 24 75 1 Readiness for CRC screening† (n = 336) 0–2 (Not Ready) 3–7 8–10 (Very or Definitely Ready) Confidence in ability to be screened 4.8 18.3 77.0 Importance of CRC screening for you 5.7 29.9 64.4 Readiness for CRC screening 6.9 29.7 63.4 Interest in CRC screening 8.6 36.9 54.5 Likelihood of being tested in next 6 months 20.9 38.7 40.5 Likelihood of bringing up CRC screening at next visit 20.2 42.6 37.2 Barriers to screening (n = 298) 0 or 1 (Not a Factor) 2 or 3 4 or 5 (Strong Factor) Not covered by insurance/copayment is too high 58.8 16.3 24.8 Physician has not recommended 57.2 19.9 23.0 Physician has not discussed 57.8 20.6 21.6 Afraid or anxious about the test 51.8 32.9 15.3 I am too busy 62.1 24.3 13.6 I am confused about all of the options available 65.2 22.8 12.0 I am low risk for CRC 60.6 28.9 10.6 Too embarrassing 65.8 23.8 10.4 No medical insurance 87.7 3.3 9.6 Test requires too much time 66.7 24.8 8.6 Test will be too painful 73.8 18.9 7.3 Test is difficult to schedule 78.0 16.7 5.3 Test is not available in my area 91.9 6.8 1.4 - Table 4.
Comparison of Mean Attitudes, Readiness, and Barriers Scores from Baseline to Follow-up
Domain Mean at Baseline Mean at Follow-Up Mean Difference (Follow-Up Minus Baseline) P* Attitudes† 3.30 3.55 0.22 <.0001 Readiness‡ 7.14 7.82 0.60 <.0001 Barriers§ 1.23 1.10 −0.18 .0342 ↵* Wilcoxon signed rank test.
↵† Subjects chose a value from 1 (unfavorable attitude) to 5 (extremely favorable attitude) for 14 questions.
↵‡ Subjects chose a value from 0 (not ready) to 10 (definitely ready) for 6 questions.
↵§ Subjects chose a value from 0 (no barrier) to 5 (major barrier) for 15 questions.
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