A Randomized Colorectal Cancer Screening Intervention Trial in the Iowa Research Network (IRENE): Study Recruitment Methods and Baseline Results

Jeanette M. Daly; Yinghui Xu; John W. Ely; Barcey T. Levy

doi:10.3122/jabfm.2012.01.110054

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Figure 1.
Subject recruitment process.
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Figure 2.
Eligibility of subjects who returned baseline survey (BS).

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Table 1.

City Location and Population for Each Practice Site and Number of Subjects Eligible for Recruitment

Office City	City Population	Urban/Rural Continuum Code^*	Providers (n)	Eligible Subjects, Male/Female (n)	Total Subjects for Recruitment (n)	IRB
Alcester, SD	880	3	3	252/298	550	U of I
Algona, IA	5,741	7	12	3342/3338	6680	U of I
Clinton, IA	27,772	4	17	4012/4321	8333	U of I
Corning, IA	1,783	9	5	296/425	721	Own
Dubuque, IA	57,686	3	5	252/285	537	U of I
Elk Point, SD	1,714	3	3	403/389	792	U of I
Grinnell, IA	9,105	7	1	65/175	240	U of I
Guttenberg, IA	1,987	8	6	920/1020	1940	U of I
Iowa Falls, IA	5,193	6	1	132/142	274	U of I
Le Mars, IA	9,237	6	11	923/1015	1938	U of I
Manchester, IA	5,257	6	10	1883/1880	3763	U of I
Muscatine, IA	22,697	4	10	577/702	1279	U of I
Sioux Center, IA	6,002	6	13	2314/2271	4585	U of I
Sioux City, IA	85,013	3	28	1950/1911	3861	U of I
Spencer, IA	11,317	7	15	4014/4118	8132	Own
West Burlington, IA	3,161	5	10	5870/6520	12390	Own

↵* 2003 rural-urban continuum codes: 1 = counties in metro areas of 1 million population or more; 2 = counties in metro areas of 250,000 to 1 million population; 3 = counties in metro areas of fewer than 250,000 population; 4 = urban population of 20,000 or more, adjacent to a metro area; 5 = urban population of 20,000 or more, not adjacent to a metro area; 6 = urban population of 2500 to 19,999, adjacent to a metro area; 7 = urban population of 2500 to 19,999, not adjacent to a metro area; 8 = completely rural or less than 2500 urban population, adjacent to a metro area; 9 = completely rural or less than 2500 urban population, not adjacent to a metro area.
IRB, institutional review board.

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Table 2.

Subject Demographics, History of Colon Cancer, and Health Care Provider Communication about Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Screening by Eligibility Status

	Up to Date with Screening (Ineligible) (n = 942)	Due for Screening (Eligible) (n = 743)	P
Demographics and history of colon cancer
Age	63 (7.06)	61 (6.95)	<.0001
Subject sex
Male	431 (46)	355 (48)	.397
Female	512 (54)	388 (52)
Health care provider sex
Male	599 (66)	474 (66)	.779
Female	315 (34)	242 (34)
History
Personal history of colon cancer	31 (3)	5 (1)	.0002
Immediate family member with colon cancer	176 (19)	78 (11)	<.0001
Distant relative with colon cancer	172 (18)	83 (11)	<.0001
Personal history of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease	32 (3)	6 (1)	.0004
Health status			.551
Very good/excellent	449 (57)	256 (54)
Good/fair	337 (42)	211 (45)
Poor	8 (1)	7 (1)
Marital status			.026
Single	103 (11)	114 (15)
Married	750 (80)	571 (77)
Widowed	80 (9)	55 (7)
Ethnicity			.331
Hispanic	908 (99)	719 (99)
Non-Hispanic	6 (1)	8 (1)
Race			.972
White	926 (99)	733 (99)
Non-white	9 (1)	7 (1)
Education			.285
High school or less	323 (35)	273 (37)
Some college	290 (31)	203 (28)
College or higher	321 (34)	260 (35)
Income			.008
<$40,000	296 (34)	273 (39)
$40,000 to <$80,000	392 (45)	319 (46)
≥$80,000	179 (21)	104 (15)
Insurance status
Private insurance	606 (64)	487 (66)	.584
Medicare	377 (40)	219 (29)	<.0001
No insurance	7 (1)	40 (5)	<.0001
Physician/nurse CRC recommendation
Doctor or nurse has discussed test for colon cancer (yes)	840 (92)	461 (63)	<.0001
Doctor has discussed CRC screening (yes)	718 (69)	330 (45)	<.0001
Doctor has recommended CRC screening	788 (85)	373 (51)	<.0001
Age of first recommendation (years)	53 (8.09)	53 (7.39)	.232
Age of most recent recommendation (years)	60 (7.10)	58 (7.10)	<.0001
Doctor recommended CRC screening because of symptoms	274 (30)	57 (8)	<.0001
Age of first recommendation (years)	54 (9.90)	51 (10.17)	.027
Age of most recent recommendation (years)	60 (8.18)	57 (9.18)	.030
Recency of recommendation (years)	2.6 (2.7)	2.7 (4.6)	.887

Values provided as.

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Table 3.

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Screening Tests Recommended by Physician and Completed by Group

Screening Tests	Variables	Ineligible (n = 942)	Eligible (n = 743)	P
FOBT	Doctor ever recommended	465 (49)	178 (24)	<.0001
	Returned within past year^*	98 (24)	0 (0)	<.0001
	Returned more than a year ago^*	317 (76)	128 (100)
FIT	Doctor ever recommended	137 (15)	51 (7)	<.0001
	Returned within past year^*	30 (25)	0 (0)	.0021
	Returned more than a year ago^*	92 (75)	31 (100)
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy	Doctor ever recommended	208 (22)	76 (10)	<.0001
	Completed with past 5 years^*	79 (42)	0 (0)	<.0001
	Completed more than 5 years ago^*	110 (58)	56 ()
Colonoscopy	Doctor ever recommended	902 (96)	269 (36)	<.0001
	Completed within past 10 years^*	897 (99.8)	0 (0)	<.0001
	Completed more than 10 years ago^*	2 (0.2)	76 (100)
Barium Enema	Doctor ever recommended	163 (17)	50 (7)	<.0001
	Completed with past 5 years^*	44 (28)	0 (0)	<.0001
	Completed more than 5 years ago^*	113 (72)	48 (100)

Values provided as n (%).
↵* For each specific modality, the number of subjects who completed the test at any one time was used as the total subjects in the χ² test and excluded missing subjects.
FIT, fecal immunochemical test; FOBT, fecal occult blood test.