Article Figures & Data
Tables
Survivors (n = 156) Controls (n = 138) P Age (mean [SD]) 19.9 (3.1) 20.6 (2.9) .06 Male gender (n [%]) 75 (48) 60 (44) .43 Non-Hispanic white (n [%]) 135 (87) 113 (82) .27 Education beyond high school (n [%]) 83 (54) 79 (58) .44 Personal income <$20,000 (n [%]) 115 (79) 96 (72) .14 Health Knowledge Inventory Problems Survivors (n = 156) Controls (n = 138) P Total 5.6 (4.0) 2.6 (2.8) 0.00 Organic/major 2.9 (2.3) 1.3 (1.6) 0.00 Constitutional/other 2.7 (2.1) 1.4 (1.6) 0.00 Values provided as mean (SD).
Problems Survivors* (n = 156) Controls* (n = 138) Odds Ratio (95% CI)† Organic/major Growth 32 (20.5) 1 (0.7) Seizure 1 (0.6) 1 (0.7) Stroke 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Hearing 21 (13.9) 5 (3.6) Thyroid 14 (9.0) 1 (0.7) Heart/blood 27 (17.3) 5 (3.6) Breast 10 (6.4) 3 (2.2) Kidney 13 (8.3) 3 (2.2) Liver 6 (3.8) 1 (0.7) Diabetes-related 1 (0.6) 2 (1.4) Immunologic 8 (5.1) 0 (0.0) Other endocrine 6 (3.8) 1 (0.7) Second cancer 5 (3.2) 0 (0.0) Vision/eye 49 (31.4) 13 (9.4) 4.4 (2.3–8.6) Reproductive 38 (24.4) 10 (7.2) 4.1 (2.0–8.6) Bone/joint 43 (27.6) 14 (10.1) 3.4 (1.8–6.5) Breathing/lung 28 (17.9) 12 (8.7) 2.3 (1.1–4.7) Cognitive/learning 30 (19.2) 16 (11.6) 1.8 (0.9–3.5) Dermatologic 41 (26.3) 32 (23.2) 1.2 (0.7–2.0) Stomach/gastrointestinal 33 (21.2) 29 (21.0) 1.0 (0.6–1.8) Bladder/urination 11 (7.1) 12 (8.7) 0.8 (0.3–1.9) Constitutional/other Face looks different 11 (7.1) 0 (0.0) Body looks different 30 (19.2) 3 (2.2) Mouth/taste problems 17 (10.9) 4 (2.9) Problems walking 5 (3.2) 2 (1.4) Balance problems 12 (7.7) 4 (2.9) Significant scars 101 (64.7) 18 (13.0) 12.2 (6.8–22.2) Getting tired easily 43 (27.6) 18 (13.0) 2.5 (1.4–4.7) Other 5 (13.9) 7 (6.3) 2.4 (0.7–8.2) Dental/gum 28 (17.9) 13 (9.4) 2.1 (1.0–4.3) Psychologic 41 (26.3) 23 (16.7) 1.8 (1.0–3.2) Sleep 36 (23.1) 25 (18.1) 1.4 (0.8–2.4) Headaches 72 (40.0) 41 (29.7) 1.4 (0.9–2.3) Weight 39 (25.0) 27 (19.6) 1.4 (0.8–2.4) Nose/smell 16 (10.3) 11 (8.0) 1.3 (0.6–3.0) Other pain 12 (7.7) 14 (10.1) 0.7 (0.3–1.7) * Values in these columns provided as n (%).
† Odds ratio and CIs reported only for health problems endorsed by at least 5% of both groups. Two-tailed Fisher's exact test was run for health problems with <5% frequency of endorsement by either group.
- Table 4.
Comparison of Number of Self-Reported Organic/Major and Constitutional/Other Problems among Survivors and Controls by Clinical and Demographic Categories
Survivors (n = 156) Controls (n =138) Organic/Major P* Constitutional/Other P* Organic/Major P* Constitutional/Other P* Diagnosis† .10 .02 Leukemia 2.64 (2.37) 2.23 (1.97) N/A N/A Lymphoma 2.40 (1.87) 2.70 (2.38) N/A N/A Solid tumor 3.36 (2.30) 3.30 (2.02) N/A N/A Intensity of Treatment Rating 2‡ .00 .02 Least/moderate 1.93 (1.65) 2.09 (2.19) N/A N/A Very 3.33 (2.30) 3.07 (1.93) N/A N/A Most 4.50 (2.65) 3.38 (1.93) N/A N/A Reason for visit .62 .79 Routine N/A N/A 1.26 (1.67) 1.46 (1.59) Follow-up N/A N/A 1.44 (1.68) 1.22 (1.84) Acute N/A N/A 1.07 (1.37) 1.37 (1.48) Age (years) .03 .03 .43 .39 <20 2.46 (2.21) 2.35 (1.93) 1.40 (1.77) 1.53 (1.77) ≥20 3.24 (2.29) 3.06 (2.24) 1.18 (1.46) 1.28 (1.51) Gender .02 .15 .00 .00 Male 2.43 (2.23) 2.45 (1.88) 0.78 (1.12) 0.85 (1.26) Female 3.25 (2.26) 2.94 (2.29) 1.63 (1.78) 1.78 (1.74) Ethnicity/race .69 .90 .00 .19 White 2.88 (2.27) 2.70 (2.12) 1.43 (1.67) 1.46 (1.64) Minority 2.67 (2.37) 2.76 (2.10) 0.48 (0.71) 1.00 (1.47) Highest education .14 .05 .57 1.00 ≤12th grade 2.58 (2.46) 2.36 (2.14) 1.14 (1.37) 1.37 (1.62) >12th grade 3.12 (2.08) 3.02 (2.06) 1.29 (1.61) 1.37 (1.60) Income .14 .19 .87 .50 <$20,000 2.71 (2.25) 2.62 (2.03) 1.24 (1.53) 1.42 (1.74) ≥$20,000 3.40 (2.18) 3.20 (2.48) 1.29 (1.71) 1.24 (1.22) All values provided as mean (SD).
* Pvalues are based on t tests or analyses of variance testing for within group (survivors or controls) differences on number of problems reported in each clinical and demographic category. Because diagnoses and Intensity of Treatment Rating included 3 categories, post hoc analyses using the least squares differences test was used to identify which of the 3 categories significantly differed from one another.
† Post hoc analyses comparing problem reported by diagnosis found that those with solid tumors reported significantly more Constitutional/Other problems than those with leukemia.
‡ Post hoc analyses comparing the 3 categories of treatment intensity revealed that all categories differed significantly from one another on reporting of Constitutional/Other and Organic/Major problems.
- Table 5.
Multivariate Regressions Predicting Self-Report of Health Problems among Categories with More Than One Correlate
Variance Accounted For (%) β* P Organic/major problems Survivors (n = 156) Total model 22 .00 Age† 0.15 .04 Sex‡ 0.14 .07 Treatment intensity† 0.38 .00 Controls (n = 138) Total model 9 .00 Minority status‡ −0.12 .03 Sex‡ 0.18 .00 Constitutional/other problems Survivors (n = 156) Step 1§ 11 .00 Age 0.21 .01 Treatment intensity† 0.25 .00 Step 2‖ 7 .00 Lymphoma 0.13 .13 Solid tumor 0.27 .00 * β is standardized.
† Age and treatment intensity are entered as continuous variables to facilitate easier interpretation and to maximize variance of these variables. Thus, positive β values indicate that problems increase with higher age and higher treatment intensity.
‡ Dichotomous variables are coded as 0 and 1. In particular, sex is coded as 0 = male, 1 = female and minority status is coded as 0 = white and 1 = minority. Thus, a positive β value for sex indicates a positive relationship between female sex and problem reporting. The negative β value for minority status indicates a positive relationship between being white and report of problems.
§ Two steps were used in the regression predicting Constitutional/Other problems in order to determine the unique contribution of diagnosis given the multiple categories in this variable.
‖ Dummy codes for diagnosis were used to reflect categories of diagnoses of lymphoma and solid tumor.
