Oral Calcium Supplements Do Not Affect the Progression of Aortic Valve Calcification or Coronary Artery Calcification

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Figure 1.
Comparison of the change in aortic valve calcification (AVC) from baseline to follow-up (vertical lines show SD) in women who took calcium supplementation and those that did not take supplementation. P is comparing rates of change in AVC score (supplement vs no supplement). Data source: the Epidemiology of Coronary Artery Calcification (ECAC) study.¹²
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Figure 2.
Comparison of the change in coronary artery calcification (CAC) from baseline to follow-up (vertical lines show SD) in women who took calcium supplementation and those that did not take supplementation. P is comparing rates of change in coronary artery calcium score (supplement vs no supplement). Data source: the Epidemiology of Coronary Artery Calcification (ECAC) study.¹²

Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics in the Overall Population and Subgroups of Those Who Take and Do Not Take Calcium Supplementation ^*

Variable	Overall(n = 257)	No Supplement(n = 232)	Supplement(n = 25)	P
Age (yr)	67.8 ± 5.2	67.7 ± 5.1	68.5 ± 5.9	.45
Male Gender (n [%])	113 (44)	113 (49)	0 (0)	<.001
Body Mass Index (kg/m²)	28.6 ± 5.1	28.8 ± 5.1	27.2 ± 4.7	.13
Age <70 years (n [%])	168 (65)	154 (66)	14 (56)	.3
Smoking (pack/yr)	13.7 ± 21.8	14.5 ± 22.3	6.5 ± 14.1	.08
History of HTN (n [%])	140 (54)	128 (55)	12 (48)	.49
Treated DM (n [%])	25 (10)	24 (10)	1 (4)	.31
Tchol (mg/dL)	209.6 ± 34.6	207.9 ± 34.7	225 ± 30.1	.018
LDL (mg/dL)	121.9 ± 29.0	121.3 ± 29.2	127.8 ± 27.3	.28
HDL (mg/dL)	52.6 ± 15.7	51.8 ± 15.7	60.1 ± 13.3	.012
TG (mg/dL)	176.9 ± 81.4	175.9 ± 82.2	185.8 ± 74.6	.57
CAC score (base)	317.5 ± 645.4	346.3 ± 672.6	50.4 ± 79.3	.029
AVC score (base)	54.5 ± 174.4	57.7 ± 181.6	25.4 ± 77.9	.38
Serum calcium	9.5 ± 0.3	9.5 ± 0.3	9.4 ± 0.3	.88
GFR (MDRD)	67.9 ± 14.7	67.7 ± 15.0	69.3 ± 12.7	.62

↵* Data source: the Epidemiology of Coronary Artery Calcification (ECAC) study.¹²
HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; TG, triglycerides; CAC, coronary artery calcification; AVC, aortic valve calcification; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation.

Table 2.

Baseline Characteristics in the Overall Female Population and in Subgroups of Females Both Taking and Not Taking Calcium Supplementation ^*

Variable	Overall(n = 144)	No Supplement(n = 119)	Supplement(n = 25)	P
Age (yr)	67.8 ± 5.2	67.6 ± 5.0	68.5 ± 5.9	.42
Male Gender (n [%])	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Body Mass Index (kg/m²)	28.6 ± 5.5	28.8 ± 5.7	27.2 ± 4.7	.17
Age <70 years (n [%])	97 (67)	83 (70)	14 (56)	.18
Smoking (pack/yr)	6.6 ± 12.6	6.6 ± 12.4	6.5 ± 14.1	.94
History of HTN (n [%])	86 (60)	74 (62)	12 (48)	.19
Treated DM (n [%])	11 (8)	10 (8)	1 (4)	.45
Tchol (mg/dL)	220.2 ± 34.4	219.2 ± 35.2	225 ± 30.1	.44
LDL (mg/dL)	124.8 ± 30.7	124.2 ± 31.4	127.8 ± 27.3	.6
HDL (mg/dL)	58.6 ± 15.9	58.3 ± 16.4	60.1 ± 13.3	.61
TG (mg/dL)	185.5 ± 80.0	185.5 ± 81.4	185.8 ± 74.6	.98
CAC score (base)	160.7 ± 383.5	183.9 ± 416.9	50.4 ± 79.3	.11
AVC score (base)	29.8 ± 91.0	30.7 ± 93.8	25.4 ± 77.9	.79
Serum calcium	9.5 ± 0.4	9.5 ± 0.4	9.4 ± 0.3	.38
GFR (MDRD)	66.3 ± 17.0	65.3 ± 18.3	69.3 ± 12.7	.34

↵* Data source: the Epidemiology of Coronary Artery Calcification (ECAC) study.¹²
HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; TG, triglycerides; CAC, coronary artery calcification; AVC, aortic valve calcification; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation.