Article Figures & Data
Tables
Characteristics (n = 195) Value Age (yrs) (mean [SD]) 61.5 (9.6) Serum B12 (pg/mL) (mean [SD]) 470.0 (311.4) Serum folate (ng/mL) (mean [SD]) 17.7 (12.7) Length of diabetes diagnosis (yrs) (mean [SD]) 8.3 (7.2) Body mass index (kg/m2) (mean [SD]) 31.4 (6.6) Hemoglobin A1c (mean [SD]) 7.3 (1.2) Male (n [%]) 104 (53.3) Current metformin use* (n [%]) 133 (68.2) Any history of metformin use (n [%]) 157 (80.5) Multivitamin use (n [%]) 104 (53.3) Acidblocker use (n [%]) 70 (36.1) Calcium use (n [%]) 35 (17.9) Race (n [%]) White 110 (56.4) Asian† 38 (19.4) Black 24 (12.3) Other‡ 23 (11.8) Metformin dose§ (mg) (n [%]) 1-1000 32 (24.1) 1001-1999 28 (21.0) ≥2000 73 (54.9) * Current use defined as patients taking metformin upon enrollment in the study.
† Includes Pacific Islanders (n = 19).
‡ Includes Hispanic (n = 4), Native American (n = 1), and unknown (n = 18).
§ Numbers reflect patients currently taking metformin (n = 133).
Continuous Variables B12 Deficiency P Yes (n = 44) No (n = 151) Age, years (SD) 63.1 (9.4) 61.1 (9.6) .22 Length of diabetes, years (SD) 10.3 (7.9) 7.8 (6.9) .04 Categorical Variables (%) Yes No Gender .62 Male 22.0 82.0 Female 24.0 76.0 Current metformin use* .99 Yes 68.18 68.21 No 31.82 31.79 History of metformin use .27 Yes 86.4 78.8 No 13.6 21.2 Acidblocker use .45 Yes 40.9 34.7 No 59.1 65.3 Calcium use .69 Yes 15.9 18.5 No 84.1 81.5 Multivitamin use <.001 Yes 31.8 59.6 No 68.2 40.4 * Current metformin use as defined in Table 1.