Diving Medicine: A Review of Current Evidence

References

1. ↵
   Professional Association of Diving Instructors. Worldwide certification history. Available at: http://www.padi.com/padi/en/footerlinks/certhistorynum.aspx. Accessed February 18, 2008.
2. ↵
   Scubamed. Underwater medicine 2008. Dominica. January 12–19. Available at: http://www.scubamed.com/tuum_prg.htm. Accessed October 26, 2008.
3. ↵
   Taylor L. Diving physics. In: Bove AA, Davis JC, eds. Diving medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2004: 11–35.
4. ↵
   Hunter SE, Farmer JC. Ear and sinus problems in diving. In: Bove AA, Davis JC, eds. Diving medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2004: 431–59.
5. ↵
   Clenney TL, Lassen LF. Recreational scuba diving injuries. Am Fam Physician 1996; 53: 1761–6.

   OpenUrlPubMed
6. ↵
   Parell GJ, Becker GD. Neurological consequences of scuba diving with chronic sinusitis. Laryngoscope 2000; 110: 1358–60.

   OpenUrlPubMed
7. ↵
   Kay E. Doc's Diving Medicine. Prevention of middle ear barotrauma. Available at: http://faculty.washington.edu/ekay/. Accessed February 10, 2008.
8. ↵
   Cheshire WP. Headache and facial pain in scuba divers. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2004; 8: 315–20.

   OpenUrlPubMed
9. ↵
   Neuman TS. Pulmonary barotrauma. In: Bove AA, Davis JC, eds. Diving medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2004: 185–94.
10. ↵
    Newton HB. Neurologic complications of scuba diving. Am Fam Physician 2001; 63: 2211–8, 2225–6.

    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
11. ↵
    Bove AA. Medical aspects of sport diving. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996; 28: 591–5.

    OpenUrlPubMed
12. ↵
    Vann RD. Mechanisms and risks of decompression. In: Bove AA, Davis JC, eds. Diving medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2004: 127–64.
13. ↵
    Divers Alert Network Annual Diving Report 2007. Durham, NC: Divers Alert Network, 2007.
14. ↵
    Wilmshurst PT, Pearson MJ, Walsh KP, et al. Relationship between right-to-left shunts and cutaneous decompression illness. Clin Sci 2001; 100: 539–42.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
15. ↵
    Moon RE. Treatment of decompression illness. In: Bove AA, Davis JC, eds. Diving medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2004: 195–217.
16. ↵
    Francis TJ, Mitchell SJ. Pathophysiology of decompression sickness. In: Bove AA, Davis JC, eds. Diving medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2004: 165–83.
17. ↵
    Vann RD, Moon RE, Freiberger JJ, et al. Decompression illness diagnosis and decompression study design. Aviat Space Environ Med 2008; 79: 797–8.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
18. ↵
    Sheffield PJ, Vann RD, eds. DAN Flying After diving workshop proceedings. Durham, NC: Divers Alert Network; 2004.
19. ↵
    Scuba Schools International. Guidelines for recreational scuba diver's physical examination; 2002:1–4. Available at: http://www.scubaland.com/Files/PDF/Medical%20Exam%20Guidelines.pdf. Accessed October 26, 2008.
20. ↵
    Divers Alert Network. [Homepage.] Available at: https://www.diversalertnetwork.org/default.aspx. Accessed October 26, 2008.
21. ↵
    Bove AA. Medical evaluation for sport diving. In: Bove AA, Davis JC, eds. Diving medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2004: 519–32.
22. ↵
    Brubakk AO, Neuman TS, eds. Bennett and Elliott's Physiology and Medicine of Diving. 5th ed. London: Saunders; 2003.
23. ↵
    American Heart Association. Cardiovascular disease statistics. Available at: http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4478. Accessed February 10, 2008.
24. ↵
    Harrison D, Lloyd-Smith R, Khazei A, Hunte G, Lepawsky M. Controversies in the medical clearance of recreational scuba divers: updates on asthma, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease and patent foramen ovale. Curr Sports Med Rep 2005; 4: 275–81.

    OpenUrlPubMed
25. ↵
    Lauer M, Froelicher ES, Williams M, Kligfield P. Exercise testing in asymptomatic adults: a statement for professionals from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology, Subcommittee on Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention. Circulation 2005; 112: 771–6.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
26. ↵
    Pendergast DR, Tedesco M, Nawrocki DM, Fisher NM. Energetics of underwater swimming with SCUBA. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996; 28: 573–80.

    OpenUrlPubMed
27. ↵
    Divers Alert Network, Caruso JL. Diving medicine articles. Cardiovascular fitness and diving. Available at: http://www.diversalertnetwork.org/medical/articles/article.asp?articleid=11. Accessed February 10, 2008.
28. ↵
    Lynch JJ, Schuchard GH, Gross CM, Wann LS. Prevalence of right-to-left shunting in a healthy population: detection by valsalva maneuver contrast echocardiography. Circulation 1984; 59: 379–84.

    OpenUrl
29. ↵
    Moon RE. Camporesi EM, Kisslo JA. Patent foramen ovale and decompression sickness in divers. Lancet 1989; 1: 513–4.

    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
30. ↵
    Germonpre P. Patent foramen ovale and diving. Cardiol Clin 2005; 23: 97–104.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
31. ↵
    Bove AA. Risk of decompression sickness with a patent foramen ovale. Undersea Hyperb Med 1998; 25: 175–8.

    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
32. ↵
    Foster PP, Boriek AM, Butler BD, Gernhardt ML, Bove AA. Patent foramen ovale and paradoxical systemic embolism: a bibliographic review. Aviat Space Environ Med 2003; 74(6 Pt 2): B1–64.

    OpenUrlPubMed
33. ↵
    Schwerzmann M, Seiler C, Lipp E, et al. Relation between directly detected patent foramen ovale and ischemic brain lesions in sport divers. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134: 21–4.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
34. ↵
    Cartoni D, De Castro S, Valente G, et al. Identification of professional scuba divers with patent foramen ovale at risk for decompression illness. Am J Cardiol 2004; 94: 270–3.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
35. ↵
    Moon RE, Bove AA. Transcatheter occlusion of patent foramen ovale: A prevention for decompression illness? Undersea Hyperb Med 2004; 31: 271–4.

    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
36. ↵
    National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma (EPR-3). Available at: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma/. Accessed February 18, 2008.
37. ↵
    Neuman TS, Powers AT, Osborn DE. The prevalence of asthma, diabetes and epilepsy in a population of divers. Undersea Biomed 1988; 15(Suppl): 62–3.

    OpenUrl
38. Corson KS, Moon RE, Nealen ML, et al. A survey of diving asthmatics. Undersea Biomed Res 1992; 19(Suppl): 18–9.

    OpenUrl
39. Bove AA, Neuman TS, Kelsen S, et al. Observations on asthma in the recreational diving population. Undersea Biomed Res 1992; 19(Suppl): 18.

    OpenUrl
40. Report Project Dive Exploration. Divers Alert Network Annual Diving Report 2007 Edition, based on 2005 data. Durham, NC: Divers Alert Network, 2007.
41. ↵
    Koehle M, Lloyd-Smith R, McKenzie D, Taunton J. Asthma and recreational scuba diving: a systematic review. Sports Med 2003; 33: 109–16.

    OpenUrlPubMed
42. ↵
    Divers Alert Network, de Lisle Dear G. Asthma and diving. Available at: http://www.diversalertnetwork.org/medical/articles/article.asp?articleid=22. Accessed February 18, 2008.
43. ↵
    South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society, Gorman D, Veale A. SPUMS policy on asthma and fitness for diving. Available at: http://www.spums.org.au/spums_policy/spums_policy_on_asthma_and_fitness_for_diving. Accessed on: February 18, 2008.
44. ↵
    British Sub Aqua Club. Medical information. Asthma. Available at: www.bsac.com/core/core_picker/download.asp?id=10093&filetitle=Asthma. Accessed on: February 18, 2008.
45. ↵
    Elliott DH, ed. Are asthmatics fit to dive? Kensington, MD: Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society; 1996.
46. ↵
    Scott DH, Marks AD. Diabetes and Diving. In: Bove AA, Davis JC, eds. Diving medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2004: 507–18.
47. ↵
    Pollock NW, Uguccioni DM, Dear GdeL, eds. Diabetes and recreational diving: guidelines for the future. Proceedings of the Undersea Hyperbaric Medical Society/Divers Alert Network workshop, June 19, 2005. Durham, NC: Divers Alert Network; 2005.
48. ↵
    Bove AA. Diving medicine. Asthma and diving. Available at: http://www.scubamed.com/divmed.htm. Accessed February 18, 2008.
49. ↵
    Divers Alert Network, Moon RE. Scanning for blebs. Available at: http://www.diversalertnetwork.org/medical/articles/article.asp?articleid=40. Accessed February 18, 2008.
50. ↵
    Bove AA. Diving in the elderly and the young. In: Bove AA, Davis JC, eds. Diving medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2004: 411–20.
51. ↵
    Mazzeo RS, Cavanagh P, Evans WJ, et al. ACSM position stand on exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998; 30: 992–1008.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science