Brief ReportBrief Report
Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
Suresh Panjwani
The Journal of the American Board of Family
Medicine March 2009, 22 (2) 206-213; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2009.02.080075
Suresh Panjwani
From Bounces Road Surgery, Forest Primary Care Centre, London, UK
MD, MSc, FRACGPReferences
- ↵Fitzpatrick TB, Johnson RA, Klaus W, Suurmond D. In colour atlas and synopsis of clinical dermatology, 4th ed. New York (NY): McGraw-Hill Companies; 2001: 368–9.
- ↵Lahita RG. In systemic lupus erythematosus, 2nd ed. New York (NY): Churchill Livingstone; 1987: 620.
- ↵Tebbe B, Orfanos CE. [Lupus erythematosus of the skin. An analysis of 97 patients.] Z Hautkr 1987; 62: 1563–72, 1577–8, 1583–4.
- ↵Tebbe B, Orfanos CE. Epidemiology and socioeconomic impact of skin disease in lupus erythematosus. Lupus 1997; 6: 96–104.
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵Werth VP, White WL, Sanchez MR, Franks AG. Incidence of alopecia areata in lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol 1992; 128: 368–71.
- ↵Jessop S, Whitelaw D, Jordaan F. Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001; (1): CD002954.
- ↵
- ↵Ting WW, Sontheimer RD. Local therapy for cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus: practical and theoretical considerations. Lupus 2001; 10: 171–84.
- ↵Sanders CJ, Van Weelden H, Kazzaz GA, Sigurdsson V, Toonstra J, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA. Photosensitivity in patients with lupus erythematosus: a clinical and photobiological study of 100 patients using a prolonged phototest protocol. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149: 131–7.
- ↵Lehmann P, Holzle E, Kind P, Goerz G, Plewig G. Experimental reproduction of skin lesions in lupus erythematosus by UVA and UVB radiation. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990; 22: 181–7.
- ↵Callen JP. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a personal approach to management. Australas J Dermatol 2006; 47: 13–27.
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵Cruz DD. Antimalarial therapy: a panacea for mild lupus. Lupus 2001; 10: 148–51.
- ↵Mackenzie AH. Dose refinements in the long term therapy of rheumatoid arthritis with antimalarials. Am J Med 1983; 75: 40–5.
- ↵Lo JS, Berg RE, Tomecki K. Treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus. Int J Dermatol 1989; 28: 497–505.
- ↵
- ↵Fabbri P, Cardinali C, Giomi B, Caproni M. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: diagnosis and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 2003; 4: 449–65.
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵Yell JA, Burge SM. Cyclosporin and discoid lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 1994; 131: 132–48.
- ↵
- ↵Tzung TY, Liu YS, Chang HW. Tacrolimus vs. clobetasol propionate in the treatment of facial cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a randomized, double-blind, bilateral comparison study. Br J Dermatol 2007; 156: 191–2.
- ↵Nousari HC, Sragovich A, Kimyai-Asadi A, Orlinsky D, Anhalt GJ. Mycophenolate mofetil in autoimmune and inflammatory skin disorders. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999; 40(2 Pt 1): 265–7.
- ↵Goyal S, Nousari HC. Treatment of resistant discoid lupus erythematosus of palms and soles with mycophenolate mofetil. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001; 45: 142–4.
- ↵Abu Shakra M, Shoenfield Y. Azathioprine therapy for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2001; 10: 152–3.
- ↵
- ↵Usmani N, Goodfield M. Efalizumab in the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol 2007; 143: 873–7.
- ↵
- ↵
In this issue
Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
Suresh Panjwani
The Journal of the American Board of Family
Medicine Mar 2009, 22 (2) 206-213; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2009.02.080075
Jump to section
Related Articles
- No related articles found.