Review ArticleClinical Review
Primary Care Approach to Proteinuria
Amir Said Alizadeh Naderi and Robert F. Reilly
The Journal of the American Board of Family
Medicine November 2008, 21 (6) 569-574; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2008.06.070080
References
- ↵Adams F. The genuine works of Hippocrates, vol 2. London: C & J Adlars Printers; 1849.
- ↵Bright R. Cases and observations, illustrative of renal disease accompanied with the secretion of albuminous urine. London Medical Gazette 1835; 72–74.
- ↵Cameron JS. Milk or albumin? The history of proteinuria before Richard Bright. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003; 18: 1281–5.
- ↵Carroll MF, Temte JL. Proteinuria in adults: a diagnostic approach. Am Fam Physician 2000; 62: 1333–40.
- ↵Remuzzi G, Schieppati A, Ruggenenti P. Clinical practice. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 1145–51.
- Viberti GC, Hill RD, Jarrett RJ, Argyropoulos A, Mahmud U, Keen H. Microalbuminuria as a predictor of clinical nephropathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1982; 1: 1430–2.
- Parvanova AI, Trevisan R, Iliev IP, et al. Insulin resistance and microalbuminuria: a cross-sectional, case-control study of 158 patients with type 2 diabetes and different degrees of urinary albumin excretion. Diabetes 2006; 55: 1456–62.
- ↵Gerstein HC, Mann JF, Yi Q, et al. Albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular events, death, and heart failure in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. JAMA 2001; 286: 421–6.
- Wachtell K, Ibsen H, Olsen MH, et al. Albuminuria and cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. Ann Intern Med 2003; 139: 901–6.
- Hillege HL, Fidler V, Diercks GF, et al. Urinary albumin excretion predicts cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality in general population. Circulation 2002; 106: 1777–82.
- ↵Burton C, Harris KP. The role of proteinuria in the progression of chronic renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 1996; 27: 765–75.
- ↵Tryggvason K, Patrakka J and Wartiovaara J. Hereditary proteinuria syndromes and mechanisms of proteinuria. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 1387–401.
- Harvey JM, Howie AJ, Lee SJ, et al. Renal biopsy findings in hypertensive patients with proteinuria. Lancet 1992; 340: 1435–6.
- Waugh JJ, Clark TJ, Divakaran TG, Khan KS, Kilby MD. Accuracy of urinalysis dipstick techniques in predicting significant proteinuria in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2004; 103: 769–77.
- Kyle RA, Gertz MA, Witzig TE, et al. Review of 1027 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Mayo Clin Proc 2003; 78: 21–33.
- ↵Ginsberg JM, Chang BS, Matarese RA, Garella S. Use of single voided urine samples to estimate quantitative proteinuria. N Engl J Med 1983; 309: 1543–6.
- Schwab SJ, Christensen RL, Dougherty K, Klahr S. Quantitation of proteinuria by the use of protein-to-creatinine ratios in single urine samples. Arch Intern Med 1987; 147: 943–4.
- Chitalia VC, Kothari J, Wells EJ, et al. Cost-benefit analysis and prediction of 24-hour proteinuria from the spot urine protein-creatinine ratio. Clin Nephrol 2001; 55: 436–47.
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵Wilmer WA, Rovin BH, Hebert CJ, Rao SV, Kumor K, Hebert LA. Management of glomerular proteinuria: a commentary. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14: 3217–32.
- ↵Keren DF. Procedures for the evaluation of monoclonal immunoglobulins. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1999; 123: 126–32.
- ↵Poortmans JR. Postexercise proteinuria in humans. Facts and mechanisms. JAMA 1985; 253: 236–40.
- ↵Houser MT, Jahn MF, Kobayashi A, Walburn J. Assessment of urinary protein excretion in the adolescent: effect of body position and exercise. J Pediatr 1986; 109: 556–61.
- ↵Robinson RR. Isolated proteinuria in asymptomatic patients. Kidney Int 1980; 18: 395–406.
- ↵Rytand DA, Spreiter S. Prognosis in postural (orthostatic) proteinuria: forty to fifty-year follow-up of 6 patients after diagnosis by Thomas Addis. N Engl J Med 1981; 305: 618–21.
In this issue
The Journal of the American Board of Family
Medicine
Vol. 21, Issue 6
November-December 2008
Primary Care Approach to Proteinuria
Amir Said Alizadeh Naderi, Robert F. Reilly
The Journal of the American Board of Family
Medicine Nov 2008, 21 (6) 569-574; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2008.06.070080
Jump to section
Related Articles
- No related articles found.