Article Figures & Data
Tables
All Cases (N = 2517) Number (%) Cases from Covered ED Shifts (N = 2161) Number (%) Community Controls (N = 1856) Number (%) Gender Women 1085 (43.1) 967 (44.7) 908 (48.9) Men 1432 (56.9) 1194 (55.3) 948 (51.1) Age 18 to 20 years 419 (16.6) 379 (17.5) 201 (10.8) 21 to 29 716 (28.4) 636 (29.4) 560 (30.2) 30 to 44 761 (30.2) 658 (30.4) 616 (33.2) 45 to 64 421 (16.7) 325 (15.0) 329 (17.7) 65 and older 200 (7.9) 163 (7.5) 150 (8.1) Case-Crossover Analyses Case-Control Analyses Self-perceived sleepiness at injury or matched time Per unit on a 0-to-12 scale 0.78 (0.75 to 0.81) 0.74 (0.72 to 0.77) Dichotomous: >0 vs 0 0.47 (0.39 to 0.55) 0.27 (0.23 to 0.33) Trichotomous: 1 to 3 vs 0 0.60 (0.50 to 0.72) 0.48 (0.39 to 0.59) 4 to 12 vs 0 0.24 (0.18 to 0.30) 0.14 (0.11 to 0.17) Usual Sleep Quality (per point on a 5-point ordinal scale) Because these variables address longer-term constructs, only case-control analyses are possible. 1.04 (0.98 to 1.10) Quantity (per hour) 0.98 (0.94 to 1.03) Quantity in past 7 days compared with your usual (per point on a 5-point ordinal scale) 0.97 (0.90 to 1.05) Quality in past 7 days compared with your usual (per point on a 5-point ordinal scale) 0.88 (0.80 to 0.97) Sleep in past 48 hours Sleep in past 24 hours compared with the 24 hours before that, per hour 1.06 (1.03 to 1.09) Data not available from control group. Last episode of sleep compared with the previous one, per hour 1.01 (0.98 to 1.04) Trichotomous, past 24 hours compared with previous 24 hours Less than 5 hours compared with 5 to 9 hours 0.88 (0.68 to 1.13) 10 hours or more compared with 5 to 9 hours 1.28 (1.07 to 1.55) Sleep in past 24 hours compared with usual quantity (per hour) 1.29 (1.24 to 1.34) ORs (95% CI).
- Table 3.
Measures of Sleepiness, Quality, and Quantity of Recent Sleep and Risk of Injury, Controlling for Activity, Location, and Drinking in the Previous 6 Hours
Case-Crossover Analyses Case-Control Analyses Self-perceived sleepiness at injury or matched time Per unit on a 0 to 12 scale 0.82 (0.78 to 0.86) 0.76 (0.73 to 0.80) Dichotomous: >0 vs 0 0.56 (0.45 to 0.70) 0.29 (0.24 to 0.37) Trichotomous: 1 to 3 vs 0 0.67 (0.53 to 0.84) 0.49 (0.38 to 0.63) 4 to 12 vs 0 0.30 (0.22 to 0.42) 0.16 (0.12 to 0.21) Usual sleep Quality (per point on a 5-point ordinal scale) Quantity (per hour) Quantity in past 7 days compared with your usual (per point on a 5-point ordinal scale) Quality in past 7 days compared with usual 0.87 (0.76 to 1.01) Sleep in past 48 hours Sleep in past 24 hours compared with the 24 hours before that 1.01 (0.97 to 1.05) Last episode of sleep compared with the previous one 1.00 (0.96 to 1.04) Trichotomous, past 24 hours compared with previous 24: Less than 5 hours compared with 5 to 9 hours 1.14 (0.81 to 1.61) 10 hours or more compared with 5 to 9 hours 1.01 (0.78 to 1.31) Sleep in past 24 hours compared with usual quantity (per hour) 1.01 (0.96 to 1.05) OR (95% CI).
