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Research ArticleOriginal Research

Patient Practices and Beliefs Concerning Disposal of Medications

Dean A. Seehusen and John Edwards
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine November 2006, 19 (6) 542-547; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.19.6.542
Dean A. Seehusen
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John Edwards
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References

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    New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services. Environmental Fact Sheet. Emptying the medicine cabinet. Disposal guidelines for pharmaceuticals and personal care products. WMD- SW-33. Accessed 27 July 2006. Available from: http://www.des.state.nh.us/factsheets/sw/sw-33.htm.
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    Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. A remedy for prescription drug disposal. Accessed 27 July 2006. Available from: http://www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-ess-tas-cau-Rxbrochure.pdf.
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    Kuspis DA, Krenzelok EP. What happens to expired medications? A survey of community medicine disposal. Vet Hum Toxicol 1996; 38: 48–9.
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    Boehringer SK. What’s the best way to dispose of medications? Pharmacist’s Letter. 2004;20. Accessed 25 December 2005. Available online at www.epa.gov/esd/chemistry/ppcp/images/pharmacist/pdf.
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    Smith CA. Managing pharmaceutical waste: what pharmacists should know. J Pharm Society Wisconsin 2002; Nov/Dec; 17–22.
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    Heberer T. Occurrence, fate, and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment: a review of recent research data. Toxicol Lett 2002; 131: 5–17.
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    Woodhouse B. Pharmaceuticals and other wastewater products in our waters: a new can of worms? Southwest Hydrology 2003;Nov/Dec: 12–13,30.
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    Stackelberg PE, Furlong ET, Meyer MT, et al. Persistence of pharmaceutical compounds and other organic wastewater contaminants in a conventional drinking water treatment plant. Sci Total Environ 2004; 329: 99–113.
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    Kummerer K. Drugs in the environment: emission of drugs, diagnostic aids and disinfectants into wastewater by hospitals in relation to other sources: a review. Chemosphere 2001; 45: 957–69.
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    Daughton CG. Cradle-to-cradle stewardship of drugs for minimizing their environmental disposition while promoting human health. I. Rationale for and avenues toward a green pharmacy. Environ Health Perspect 2003; 111: 757–74.
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    PharmEcology Associates, LLC. Reference articles. Accessed 27 July 2006. Available from: http://www.pharmecology.com/pedd/jsp/static/c3_pubs.jsp.
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    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. National Exposure Research Laboratory Environmental Sciences. PPCPs as environmental pollutants. Accessed 27 July 2006. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/esd/chemistry/pharma/faq.htm.
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    Bound JP, Voulvoulis N. Household disposal of pharmaceuticals as a pathway for aquatic contamination in the United Kingdom. Environ Health Perspect 2005; 113: 1705–11.
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    Daughton CG. Cradle-to-cradle stewardship of drugs for minimizing their environmental disposition while promoting human health. II. Drug disposal, waste reduction, and future directions. Environ Health Perspect 2003; 111: 775–85.
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  15. Jones OA, Voulvoulis N, Lester JN. Potential impact of pharmaceuticals on environmental health. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81: 768–9.
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  16. Daughton CG, Ternes TA. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: agents of subtle change? Environ Health Perspect 1999; 107(Suppl 6): 907–38.
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  17. Schwab BW, Hayes EP, Fiori JM, et al. Human pharmaceuticals in U.S. surface waters: a human health risk assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2005; 42: 296–312.
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  18. Webb S, Ternes T, Gibert M, Olejniczak K. Indirect human exposure to pharmaceuticals via drinking water. Toxicol Lett 2003; 142: 157–67.
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The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine: 19 (6)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 19, Issue 6
November-December 2006
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Patient Practices and Beliefs Concerning Disposal of Medications
Dean A. Seehusen, John Edwards
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Nov 2006, 19 (6) 542-547; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.19.6.542

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Patient Practices and Beliefs Concerning Disposal of Medications
Dean A. Seehusen, John Edwards
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Nov 2006, 19 (6) 542-547; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.19.6.542
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