Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Flow Diagram of the Study Participants.
Tables
- Table 1.
Demographic and Health Characteristics by Menopausal Status of Women in Family Practice Centers (Michigan, 2000–2001).
Demographic Characteristics All (N = 342) Menopausal Status Pre (N = 133) Peri (N = 72) Post (N = 46) Surgical (N = 91) P Value N (%) N (%) N (%) N (%) N (%) Race White 216 (65.1) 96 (73.8) 44 (62.0) 27 (58.7) 49 (57.6) <.0001 African American 105 (31.6) 30 (23.1) 24 (33.8) 16 (34.8) 35 (41.2) Other 11 (3.3) 4 (3.1) 3 (4.2) 3 (6.5) 1 (1.2) Missing 10 Education ≤ High school 101 (30.0) 36 (27.7) 20 (28.2) 14 (30.4) 31 (34.4) .228 Some college/college graduate 197 (58.4) 74 (56.9) 48 (67.6) 28 (60.9) 47 (52.2) Graduate degree 39 (11.6) 20 (15.4) 3 (4.2) 4 (8.7) 12 (13.3) Missing 5 Practice location Urban 81 (23.7) 20 (15.0) 21 (29.2) 11 (23.9) 29 (31.9) .043 Suburban 179 (52.3) 75 (56.4) 36 (50.0) 28 (60.9) 40 (44.0) Rural 82 (24.0) 38 (28.6) 15 (20.8) 7 (15.2) 22 (24.2) Current smoking Yes 101 (30.2) 32 (24.8) 21 (30.4) 18 (39.1) 30 (33.3) .268 No 233 (69.8) 97 (75.2) 48 (69.6) 28 (60.9) 60 (66.7) Missing 8 Hormone therapy use Yes 67 (21.4) 5 (4.2) 6 (9.2) 15 (34.9) 41 (47.7) <.0001 No 246 (78.6) 114 (95.8) 59 (90.8) 28 (65.1) 45 (52.3) Missing 29 Medical conditions None 120 (35.1) 52 (39.1) 29 (40.3) 14 (30.4) 25 (27.5) .017 1–3 166 (48.5) 69 (51.9) 33 (45.8) 23 (50.0) 41 (45.1) ≥ 4 56 (16.4) 12 (9.0) 10 (13.9) 9 (19.6) 25 (27.5) Current medications None 114 (33.3) 49 (36.8) 29 (40.3) 13 (28.3) 23 (25.3) .026 1–3 165 (48.2) 69 (51.9) 29 (40.3) 25 (54.3) 42 (46.2) ≥ 4 63 (18.4) 15 (11.3) 14 (19.4) 8 (17.4) 26 (28.6) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Age 46.6 (4.3) 44.6 (3.3) 46.6 (4.3) 50.5 (3.4) 47.7 (4.3) <.0001 Doctor visits 2.8 (2.5) 2.8 (3.1) 2.6 (1.7) 2.4 (1.3) 3.3 (2.5) 0.151 Missing 19 - Table 2.
Comparison of Results of Factor Analysis between Our Study and the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN).
Symptoms Our Study SWAN* White African American White African American Factor I Factor II Factor I Factor II Factor I Factor II Factor I Factor II Nervousness 0.74 −0.07 0.65 0.01 0.73 0.05 0.75 0.11 Fast heartbeat† 0.48 0.04 0.59 0.17 0.40 0.32 0.44 0.26 Depression/sadness 0.53 0.03 0.70 −0.05 0.67 0.10 0.73 0.07 Memory loss† 0.47 0.16 0.58 −0.02 0.48 0.25 0.50 0.30 Headache 0.31 0.09 0.49 −0.03 0.51 0.06 0.48 0.09 Joint/muscle pain† 0.29 0.15 0.51 −0.06 0.45 0.20 0.45 0.28 Irritability 0.61 0.10 0.35 0.40 0.67 0.03 0.70 0.05 Night sweats 0.05 0.62 0.00 0.70 0.06 0.82 0.11 0.81 Vaginal dryness −0.01 0.52 −0.20 0.71 0.16 0.36 0.19 0.45 Hot flashes/flushes 0.16 0.43 0.24 0.58 0.04 0.83 0.08 0.83 * Data extracted from the article by Avis et al.12
† These symptoms were labeled as heart pounding, forgetfulness and stiffness, respectively, in SWAN.
- Table 3.
Distribution of Presence of Symptoms by Menopausal Status among White and African American Women in Family Practice Centers in Michigan, 2000–2001.
Symptoms Total sample (N = 237) White (N = 167) African American (N = 70) All (N = 237) N (%) Pre (N = 126) N (%) Peri (N = 68) N (%) Post (N = 43) N (%) Pre (N = 96) N (%) Peri (N = 44) N (%) Post (N = 27) N (%) P Value* Pre (N = 30) N (%) Peri (N = 24) N (%) Post (N = 16) N (%) P Value* Nervousness‡ 67 (28.3) 26 (20.6) 27 (39.7) 14 (32.6) 19 (19.8) 17 (38.6) 9 (33.3) 0.0471† 7 (23.3) 10 (41.7) 5 (31.3) 0.3535 Irritability 110 (46.4) 49 (38.9) 42 (61.8) 19 (44.2) 40 (41.7) 28 (63.6) 14 (51.9) 0.0517 9 (30.0) 14 (58.3) 5 (31.3) 0.0772 Depression/sadness 98 (41.5) 48 (38.1) 31 (46.3) 19 (44.2) 38 (39.6) 22 (50.0) 13 (48.1) 0.4520 10 (33.3) 9 (37.5) 6 (37.5) 0.9031 Memory loss 74 (31.2) 25 (19.8) 32 (47.1) 17 (39.5) 20 (20.8) 21 (47.7) 12 (44.4) 0.0020† 5 (16.7) 11 (45.8) 5 (31.3) 0.0666 Difficulty sleeping‡ 108 (45.6) 48 (38.1) 38 (55.9) 22 (51.2) 37 (38.5) 27 (61.4) 13 (48.1) 0.0412 11 (36.7) 11 (45.8) 9 (56.3) 0.4366 Weakness/fatigue 83 (35.0) 36 (28.6) 30 (44.1) 17 (39.5) 30 (31.3) 18 (40.9) 13 (48.1) 0.2133 6 (20.0) 12 (50.0) 4 (25.0) 0.0506 Headache 129 (54.7) 70 (55.6) 36 (53.7) 23 (53.5) 55 (57.3) 23 (52.3) 14 (51.9) 0.8010 15 (50.0) 13 (54.2) 9 (56.3) 0.8692 Painful sex 20 (8.4) 6 (4.8) 6 (8.8) 8 (18.6) 4 (4.2) 2 (4.5) 3 (11.1) 0.0411 2 (6.7) 4 (16.7) 5 (31.3) 0.0093† Vaginal dryness‡ 50 (21.1) 18 (14.3) 17 (25.0) 15 (34.9) 13 (13.5) 9 (20.5) 10 (37.0) 0.0227† 5 (16.7) 8 (33.3) 5 (31.3) 0.3212 Loss sexual interest‡ 63 (26.7) 23 (18.2) 22 (32.4) 18 (42.9) 16 (16.7) 16 (36.4) 12 (44.4) 0.0032† 7 (23.3) 6 (25.0) 6 (37.5) 0.4698 Hot flashes/flushes 102 (43.0) 36 (28.6) 40 (58.8) 26 (60.5) 28 (29.2) 25 (56.8) 17 (63.0) 0.0005† 8 (26.7) 15 (62.5) 9 (56.3) 0.0200† Night sweats 74 (31.2) 23 (18.2) 37 (54.4) 14 (32.6) 18 (18.8) 20 (45.5) 10 (37.0) 0.0030† 5 (16.7) 17 (70.8) 4 (25.0) 0.0001 Arm/leg numbness 75 (31.65) 32 (25.4) 28 (41.2) 15 (34.9) 24 (25.0) 18 (40.9) 10 (37.0) 0.1298 8 (26.7) 10 (41.7) 5 (31.3) 0.5005 Dizziness 58 (24.5) 26 (20.6) 23 (33.8) 9 (20.9) 20 (20.8) 13 (29.5) 6 (22.2) 0.5214 6 (20.0) 10 (41.7) 3 (18.8) 0.1420 Joint/muscle pain 135 (57.0) 68 (54.0) 46 (67.6) 21 (48.8) 48 (50.0) 29 (65.9) 15 (55.6) 0.2134 20 (66.7) 17 (70.8) 6 (37.5) 0.0770 Itching‡ 42 (17.7) 21 (16.8) 12 (17.6) 9 (20.9) 15 (15.6) 8 (18.2) 8 (29.6) 0.2541 6 (20.0) 4 (16.7) 1 (6.3) 0.0467 Fast heartbeat‡ 68 (28.7) 31 (24.6) 28 (41.2) 9 (20.9) 24 (25.0) 16 (36.4) 6 (22.2) 0.2998 7 (23.3) 12 (50.0) 3 (18.8) 0.0511 * χ2 or Fisher’s exact test.
† Cochran Armitage Test for Trend to detect linear increase in proportion; P < .05.
‡ Symptoms reported differently by white and African-American women.
- Table 4.
Unadjusted OR and 95% CI for Symptoms by Menopausal Status among White and African American Women in Family Practice Centers in Michigan, 2000–2001.
Symptoms* Menopausal Status† White (N = 167) African American (N = 70) Perimenopausal Postmenopausal Perimenopausal Postmenopausal OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI Nervousness 1.59 1.08–2.37‡ 1.42 0.89–2.28 1.53 0.85–2.75 1.22 0.62–2.41 Irritability 1.57 1.08–2.26‡ 1.23 0.80–1.88 1.81 1.03–3.17‡ 1.03 0.53–1.99 Depression/sadness 1.24 0.86–1.77 1.19 0.77–1.83 1.13 0.64–1.99 1.09 0.58–2.06 Memory loss 1.86 1.27–2.74‡ 1.74 1.11–2.74‡ 2.06 1.10–3.85‡ 1.51 0.74–3.08 Difficulty sleeping 1.59 1.10–2.95‡ 1.22 0.79–1.87 1.21 0.70–2.09 1.49 0.80–2.76 Weakness/fatigue 1.23 0.85–1.79 1.43 0.93–2.21 2.00 1.10–3.64‡ 1.15 0.56–2.37 Headache 0.90 0.63–1.29 0.90 0.58–1.29 1.14 0.66–1.97 1.13 0.62–2.09 Painful sex 0.96 0.40–2.28 1.69 0.78–3.70 1.67 0.68–4.10 2.52 1.03–6.15‡ Vaginal dryness 1.28 0.80–2.05 1.94 1.19–3.16‡ 1.58 0.83–3.00 1.51 0.74–3.08 Loss sexual interest 1.72 1.14–2.59‡ 2.00 1.26–3.18‡ 1.05 0.56–1.96 1.48 0.76–2.89 Hot flashes/flushes 1.79 1.23–2.59‡ 2.03 1.30–3.18‡ 2.14 1.20–3.82‡ 1.88 0.99–3.56 Night sweats 1.90 1.28–2.81‡ 1.60 1.00–2.55 3.48 1.82–6.68‡ 1.29 0.61–2.71 Arm/leg numbness 1.44 0.99–2.11 1.32 0.84–2.09 1.40 0.79–2.49 1.12 0.57–2.17 Dizziness 1.26 0.84–1.90 1.04 0.62–1.75 1.69 0.92–3.09 0.96 0.44–2.08 Joint/muscle pain 1.39 0.96–2.01 1.12 0.73–1.72 1.10 0.62–1.97 0.55 0.29–1.03 Itching 1.09 0.68–1.76 1.51 0.92–2.48 0.89 0.44–1.80 0.52 0.17–1.56 Fast heartbeat 1.31 0.89–1.92 0.93 0.56–1.54 1.81 1.01–3.25‡ 0.87 0.41–1.86 * Coded ‘absent’ or ‘present’; reference is ‘absent’.
† Reference is pre-menopausal.
‡ Significant, P < .05
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