Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Individual and synergistic associations of diabetes and heavy smoking with asymptomatic PAD.
Tables
Without PAD* (n = 341) N (%) With Asymptomatic PAD (n = 25) N (%) P Value Gender, no. Male 159 (47) 15 (60) .30 Female 177 (53) 10 (40) Race/ethnicity White 121 (93) 9 (36) .66 African American 106 (92) 9 (36) Hispanic 114 (94) 7 (28) Comorbidities Hypertension 226 (66) 20 (80) .19 Congestive heart failure 15 (5) 3 (12) .11 Diabetes 116 (34) 16 (64) .00 Mean age in years (SD) 63.54 (7.3) 64.56 (6.4) .62 Age range in years 50–90 50–74 * PAD, peripheral arterial disease.
Without PAD* N (%) With Asymptomatic PAD N (%) P Value Total Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in your entire life? Yes 183 (54) 15 (60) .55 198 (54) No 157 (46) 10 (40) 167 (46) If you smoke, how many cigarettes have you smoked per day? 1 pack or less 133 (72) 10 (67) .03 143 (71) >1 pack 53 (28) 5 (33) 58 (29) How many years have you been a regular smoker? 0 years 197 (58) 13 (52) .84 <1 year to 40 years 75 (22) 6 (24) >40 years 69 (20) 6 (24) Do you drink alcoholic beverages? Yes 119 (35) 4 (16) .05 123 (34) No 222 (65) 21 (84) 243 (66) How often do you consume alcohol? Some 23 (19) 1 (25) .64 24 (19) Weekly 63 (52) 2 (50) 65 (52) Daily 35 (29) 1 (25) 36 (29) How often do you walk for at least 10 minutes without stopping? Rarely or never 96 (28) 12 (48) .31 107 (30) Once/week or more 245 (72) 13 (52) 258 (70) * PAD, peripheral arterial disease.
Sensitivity (%)† Specificity (%)‡ PVP (%)§ PVN (%)‖ Diabetes 64 66 12 96 Smoke 34 46 8 94 Both diabetes/smoke 20 92 15 94 Neither diabetes/smoke 8 55 1 89 * PAD, peripheral arterial disease.
† Sensitivity, the probability of a positive test result in patients with asymptomatic PAD.
‡ Specificity, the probability of a negative test result in patients without PAD.
§ PVP, probability of asymptomatic PAD given a positive test result.
‖ PVN, probability of no PAD given a negative test result.
