Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Mean (and percentage) of step improvement for the pedometer group.
Tables
Number of Participants (n = 94) Complete physical examination 14 (15%) Laboratory values 14 (15%) Gynecologic/reproductive 13 (14%) Musculoskeletal 13 (14%) Mental health 11 (12%) Upper respiratory infection 8 (9%) Diabetes 5 (5%) Dermatologic 3 (3%) Abdominal pain 2 (2%) Asthma 2 (2%) Pre-operation examination 2 (2%) Miscellaneous 7 (8%) Pedometer Group (n = 50) Comparison Group (n = 44) Baseline Post Baseline Post Demographic measures Age (years) 38.0 ± 12.4 — 44.3 ± 13.8† — Gender (female) 31 (62%) — 32 (64%) — Weight (lbs) 194.3 ± 44.2 — 192.8 ± 53.1 — BMI (kg/m2) 30.5 ± 7.3 — 31.5 ± 9.8 — Systolic BP (mm/Hg) 114.9 ± 11.8 — 118.6 ± 17.5 — Diastolic BP (mm/Hg) 68.9 ± 9.1 — 69.6 ± 8.9 — Heart rate (bpm) 76.1 ± 9.6 — 77.8 ± 11.6 — Diabetes 3 (6%) — 4 (9%) — Hypertension 6 (12%) — 5 (11%) — Hyperlipidemia 7 (14%) — 10 (23%) — Smoker 13 (26%) — 15 (34%) — Lifestyle walking questionnaire LWQ 1: Blocks walked per day 7.6 ± 8.6 12.5 ± 13.3 7.4 ± 8.1 10.3 ± 9.3 LWQ 2: Blocks would walk vs. ride in car/bus 4.3 ± 3.7 5.2 ± 4.8 3.6 ± 3.3 4.4 ± 3.5 LWQ 3: Stairflights climbed per day 7.1 ± 8.0 7.9 ± 8.5 6.1 ± 5.7 6.3 ± 6.0 LWQ 4: Stairflights would climb vs. take elevator 1.8 ± 1.8 2.6 ± 2.2 1.6 ± 1.9 2.1 ± 2.3 LWQ 5: Days per week walking >30 minutes total 1.6 ± 1.6 2.3 ± 2.1 1.5 ± 1.8 2.5 ± 2.2 LWQ 6: Frequency rating of walking short trips‡ 2.7 ± 1.4 3.2 ± 1.6 3.1 ± 1.5 3.2 ± 1.5 LWQ 7: Frequency rating of walking for fun/leisure‡ 2.5 ± 1.3 3.0 ± 1.5 2.4 ± 1.1 2.8 ± 1.2 Walking stage-of-change Precontemplation 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2%) 2 (5%) Contemplation 17 (34%) 9 (18%) 16 (36%) 11 (25%) Preparation 28 (56%) 28 (56%) 23 (52%) 18 (40%) Action 3 (6%) 9 (18%) 2 (5%) 11 (25%) Maintenance 2 (4%) 4 (8%) 2 (5%) 2 (5%) Walking self-efficacy rating 21.2 ± 4.4 20.7 ± 5.3 20.1 ± 6.8 20.5 ± 7.3 * Values for continuous variables are given as mean ± SD. Values for categorical variables are given as frequency (percentage of group total). For participants unavailable at follow-up, poststudy values were calculated by carrying the baseline value forward (intent-to-treat).
† Statistically significant difference (P < .05) between pedometer and comparison group.
‡ Scaled from 1 to 6 (1 = never, 2 = ∼1/month, 3 = ∼1/week, 4 = ∼3/week, 5 = ∼1/day, 6 = ≥3/day).
Pedometer Group (n = 21) Comparison Group (n = 23) Pedometer vs. Comparison Differential Change Baseline Post Change Baseline Post Change Lifestyle walking questionnaire LWQ 1: Blocks walked per day 9.0 ± 7.3 19.3 ± 14.4 10.3 ± 14.3* 6.1 ± 6.7 11.7 ± 9.2 5.6 ± 9.2* 4.7 LWQ 2: Blocks would walk vs. ride in car/bus 5.2 ± 3.9 7.2 ± 5.5 2.1 ± 4.1* 3.7 ± 3.6 5.3 ± 3.7 1.6 ± 4.9 0.4 LWQ 3: Stairflights climbed per day 6.2 ± 6.5 7.7 ± 7.1 1.4 ± 7.4 4.7 ± 4.8 5.1 ± 5.5 0.4 ± 3.6 1.0 LWQ 4: Stairflights would climb vs. take elevator 1.8 ± 1.3 3.2 ± 2.1 1.4 ± 2.1* 1.5 ± 1.5 2.5 ± 2.3 1.0 ± 2.1* 0.4 LWQ 5: Days per week walking ≥30 minutes total 1.8 ± 2.1 3.3 ± 2.1 1.5 ± 2.4* 1.2 ± 1.8 3.1 ± 2.4 1.9 ± 2.2* −0.4 LWQ 6: Frequency rating of walking short trips‡ 2.5 ± 1.3 3.7 ± 1.5 1.1 ± 1.2* 3.1 ± 1.5 3.3 ± 1.5 0.2 ± 1.4 1.0† LWQ 7: Frequency rating of walking for fun/leisure‡ 2.7 ± 1.2 3.4 ± 1.5 0.8 ± 1.3* 2.3 ± 1.3 3.0 ± 1.4 0.7 ± 1.6* 0.1 Walking self-efficacy rating 22.9 ± 5.0 20.8 ± 6.5 −2.1 ± 6.2 20.2 ± 6.4 21.0 ± 7.5 0.7 ± 5.7 −2.8 * Statistically significant change (P < .05) from baseline.
† Statistically significant difference (P < .05) between pedometer and comparison group.
‡ Scored on a scale from 1 to 6 (1 = never, 2 = ∼1/month, 3 = ∼1/week, 4 = ∼3/week, 5 = ∼1/day, 6 = ≥3/day).
Poststudy Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Baseline Pedometer Group (n = 21) Precontemplation 0 0 0 0 0 Contemplation 0 2* 7† 0 1† Preparation 0 0 2* 5† 0 Action 0 0 1‡ 0* 1† Maintenance 0 0 0 0 2* Comparison Group (n = 23) Precontemplation 0 0 0 0 0 Contemplation 1‡ 7* 1† 3† 0 Preparation 0 0 3* 6† 0 Action 0 0 0 0 0 Maintenance 0 0 0 0 2* * Stable.
† Progress.
‡ Regress.
