Article Figures & Data
Tables
Characteristics %MDQ Positive N = 138 %MDQ Negative N = 511 %Total Sample N = 649 P Age Mean (years) 47.71 ± 11.48 51.84 ± 13.49 50.0 .005 Gender Male 15.2 19.2 18.3 .268 Female 84.8 80.8 81.7 Racial/ethnic background White 76.1 70.6 71.8 Black or African American 15.2 16.4 16.2 .017 Hispanic or Mexican American 2.9 10.2 8.6 Other 5.8 2.7 3.4 Education level Not a high school graduate 13.2 15.9 15.3 .448 High school graduate or higher 86.8 84.1 84.7 Family Alone 29 25.9 26.6 Spouse 20.3 29.7 27.7 .018 Simple 30.4 32.8 32.3 Extended 20.3 11.6 13.4 Martial Status Married 29.7 45.4 42.1 Divorced/separated 45.6 28.6 35.3 .001 Widowed 8 12.7 11.7 Single/never married 16.7 13.3 13.3 Employment status Employed 55.1 46.8 48.5 Not employed 33.3 31.1 31.6 .021 Retired 11.6 22.1 19.9 Previous history of bipolar Yes 34.8 11.2 16.2 .000 No 65.2 88.8 83.8 MDQ, Mood Disorder Questionnaire.
Symptom Frequency of Positive Response Percentage of Positive Response Felt so good or so hyper... 198 30.6 Were so irritable... 408 62.9 Felt much more self confident... 291 45.3 Got much less sleep... didn’t miss it 230 35.5 Were much more talkative... 269 41.6 Thoughts raced... 397 61.5 Were easily distracted... 443 68.4 Had much more energy... 215 33.1 Were much more active... 265 41.1 Were much more social... 128 19.8 Were much more interested in sex... 160 24.8 Did things that were unusual... 206 32.0 Spending money... 200 30.8 Co-occurrence of symptoms 384 62.0 Symptom severity—moderate/serious 290 45.7 Variable MDQ Positive N = 138 MDQ Negative N = 511 SCID N = 83 No SCID N = 54 Statistic P SCID N = 97 No SCID N = 415 Statistic P MDQ Score 9.92 ± 2.12 9.02 ± 1.90 t = 2.503 P =.751 3.77 ± 2.30 4.15 ± 2.76 t = −1.232 P =.169 Age 47.5 ± 11.3 48.1 ± 11.9 t = −0.318 P =.751 51.0 ± 12.4 52.2 ± 13.7 t = −0.637 P =.524 Gender Female (%) 87.4 80.4 χ2 = 1.209 P =.272 86.0 79.7 χ2 = 1.983 P =.159 Ethnicity NHW (%) 77.0 74.5 80.6 68.4 AA (%) 13.8 17.6 χ2 = 1.123 P =.771 11.8 17.5 χ2 = 6.978 P =.073 HIS (%) 2.3 3.9 7.5 10.8 Education High school graduate (%) 87.2 86.0 χ2 = 0.040 P =.841 89.1 83.0 χ2 = 2.110 P =.146 H/O BPD (%) 35.6 30.8 χ2 = 0.320 P =.572 12.0 11.1 χ2 = 0.057 P =.811 NHW, non-Hispanic white; AA, African American; HIS, Hispanic; H/O BPD, history of bipolar disorder; MDQ, Mood Disorder Questionnaire; SCID, Structured Clinical Interview based on the DSM-IV.
SCID Total Positive Negative MDQ Positive 45 41 86 Negative 14 80 94 Total 59 121 180 Current Study* Psychiatric Outpatient† General Population‡ Sensitivity 0.580 0.73 0.281 Specificity 0.930 0.90 0.972 * Primary care outpatients treated for depression (adjusted for sampling).
† Psychiatric outpatient clinics focused on mood disorders.7
‡ Adult general population randomly selected from a group of respondents in a nationwide epidemiological general population sample.9
SCID Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder Positive Negative Total Previous history of 29 14 43 Bipolar disorder by 30 107 137 Self-report 59 121 180
