Human brucellosis.

BACKGROUND Human brucellosis has a serious medical impact worldwide, and its eradication poses major difficulties. Although human brucellosis is relatively rare in the United States (approximately 100 cases per year), there is concern that this disease is largely underdiagnosed and underreported. Additionally, immigrants from endemic areas are arriving to this country, and Brucella species are considered to be biologic agents for terrorism. Human brucellosis affects all age-groups, and family physicians are not well versed in recognizing and treating this potentially life-threatening condition.

METHODS A literature review from 1975 to 2001 was performed using the key words "human brucellosis," "zoonosis," and "bioterrorism."

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Appropriate antimicrobial therapy and duration of treatment of human brucellosis will reduce morbidity, prevent complications, and diminish relapses. Because of the nonspecific symptoms and rarity of human brucellosis in the United States, family physicians must acquire a detailed dietary and occupational history to diagnose the disease promptly. Family physicians must assume a responsible role in reporting this disease, as well as be aware of persons at high-risk for this disease and the potential sources of infection.