Cervical Pregnancy—A Forgotten Entity in Family Practice

Abstract

Background: Cervical pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy that is associated with considerable maternal morbidity and a high mortality rate if early diagnosis and treatment are not carried out in a timely fashion.

Methods: The current medical literature was reviewed by searching MEDLINE files from 1985 to 1996, using the key words “ectopic pregnancy” and “cervical pregnancy.” Older articles were accessed from cross-reference of the more recent publications.

Results: The incidence of cervical pregnancy is 1 in 2400 deliveries and represents less than 1.0 percent of all ectopic pregnancies. No clear cause of cervical pregnancy has been described, and criteria for the clinical, pathologic, and sonographic diagnosis have been well established. The most common clinical complaint is painless vaginal bleeding. Routine transvaginal sonography early on allows for conservative management and avoids adverse outcomes. Methotrexate administered systemically and by intra-amniotic instillation are the therapeutic options of choice. Gestational age and the presence or absence of fetal cardiac activity are major prognostic factors for its success.

Conclusion: Earlier diagnosis of cervical pregnancy using sonography and conservative management of this condition have reduced considerably the morbidity and mortality associated with this rare form of ectopic pregnancy and have helped preserve a woman's future fertility.