Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Example consumer (top) and health care providers (HCPs) (bottom) biosimilar advertisement disclosure.
- Figure 2.
Recruitment flow diagram. Abbreviation: HCP, Health care provider.
Tables
Consumers
(n = 379)HCPs
(n = 368)Female 202 (53.3%) 119 (32.3%) Age - Mean (SD) 53.4 (17.1) 50.9 (12.6) Race/ethnicity White (non-Hispanic) 261 (68.9%) 210 (57.1%) Black (non-Hispanic) 35 (9.2%) 9 (2.4%) Asian (non-Hispanic) 15 (4.0%) 86 (23.4%) American Indian (non-Hispanic) 2 (0.5%) 2 (0.5%) Native Hawaiian (non-Hispanic) 2 (0.5%) 1 (0.3%) Multiracial (non-Hispanic) 8 (2.1%) 5 (1.4%) Other (non-Hispanic) 6 (1.6%) 6 (1.6%) Hispanic 38 (10.0%) 21 (5.7%) Refused/Missing 12 (3.2%) 28 (7.6%) Education High school or less 54 (14.3%) Some college 110 (29.0%) Associates degree 87 (23.0%) Bachelor’s degree or higher 128 (33.8%) Familiarity with Biosimilars Aware 55 (14.5%) 267 (72.6%) Training and practice Medical Doctor/Physician 327 (88.9%) Physician assistant 16 (4.3%) Nurse practitioner 25 (6.8%) Average prescriptions weekly- Mean (SD) 129.9 (142.5) Average years in medical practice -Mean (SD) 18.9 (11.1) Consumer experience with condition Ever diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis 36 (9.5%) Ever taken prescription for rheumatoid arthritis 29 (7.6%) Abbreviations: HCPs, Health care providers; SD, Standard deviation.
Biosimilar Disclosure Characteristic Kesterin is a Biosimilar + Effective Kesterin is a Biosimilar + Effective + Same Sources Kesterin is a Biosimilar + Effective + Same Sources + Dosage and Administration Names the Reference Drug Mytrozen in Definition Does Not Name Reference Drug in Definition Consumers (n = 379) Correctly understood Kesterin has the same safety and efficacy as original 50 (48.5%) 44 (48.4%) 55 (57.3%) 81 (54.0%) 68 (48.6%) Correctly understood Kesterin is made from the same types of sources as original N/A 56 (61.5%) 53 (55.2%) 62 (62.0%) 47 (54.0%) Correctly understood Kesterin has the same strength and dosage as original N/A N/A N/A 27 (51.9%) 22 (50.0%) HCPs (n = 360) Correctly understood Kesterin has the same safety and efficacy as original 65 (74.7%) 65 (68.4%) 70 (72.2%) 99 (74.4%) 101 (69.2%) Correctly understood Kesterin is made from the same types of sources as original N/A 84 (88.4%) 77 (79.4%) 78 (83.9%) 83 (83.8%) Correctly understood Kesterin has the same strength and dosage as original N/A N/A N/A 34 (75.6%) 43 (82.7%) Abbreviation: HCPs, Health care providers.
Note: All P-values across for described comparisons were nonsignificant at the Bonferroni adjusted values. Control condition did not receive comprehension questions.
N/A – comprehension item not assessed for given condition.
- Table 3.
Consumer Perceptions, Attitudes, and Intentions by Biosimilar Disclosure Characteristics
Control
(no definition)Kesterin is a Biosimilar Kesterin is a Biosimilar + Effective Kesterin is a Biosimilar + Effective + Same Sources Kesterin is a Biosimilar + Effective + Same Sources + Dosage and Administration Names the Reference Drug Mytrozen in Definition Does Not Name Reference Drug in Definition Perceived benefit/efficacy Benefit likelihood 3.93 (1.39) 3.84 (1.40) 4.04 (1.22) 4.13 (1.34) 4.38 (1.16) 4.05 (1.23) 4.32 (1.24) Benefit magnitude 3.87 (1.29) 3.84 (1.35) 4.04 (1.23) 4.14 (1.30) 4.25 (1.11) 3.98 (1.17) 4.31 (1.23) Benefit compared to Mytrozen N/A N/A 3.53 (1.44) 4.12 (1.50) 3.86 (1.59) 3.81 (1.52) N/A Benefit compared to other drugs 3.67 (1.17) 3.89 (1.22) 3.69 (1.15) 3.77 (1.42) 3.96 (1.22) 3.66 (1.22) 3.96 (1.30) Perceived risk/safety Side effect likelihood 3.87 (1.31) 3.93 (1.19) 3.74 (1.25) 3.93 (1.31) 3.97 (1.12) 3.89 (1.17) 3.86 (1.29) Side effect severity 3.35 (1.11) 3.37 (1.02) 3.53 (0.94) 3.47 (1.00) 3.60 (1.06) 3.5 (1.09) 3.57 (0.91) Safety compared to Mytrozen N/A N/A 3.53 (1.46) 4.12 (1.45) 3.82 (1.69) 3.80 (1.54) N/A Safety compared to other drugs 3.67 (1.28) 4.00 (1.28) 3.84 (1.18) 3.79 (1.47) 3.98 (1.26) 3.71 (1.2) 4.05 (1.38) Attitudes toward the biosimilar drug 4.27 (1.31) 4.39 (1.18) 4.33 (1.20) 4.37 (1.24) 4.69 (1.16) 4.38 (1.18) 4.55 (1.24) Intention to take biosimilar drug 4.07 (1.53) 3.98 (1.45) 3.90 (1.43) 3.93 (1.47) 4.32 (1.34) 3.93 (1.42) 4.18 (1.42) Note: All planned comparisons were statistically nonsignificant at the Bonferonni adjusted levels. Items measured on a 1-6 Likert sale where larger values reflect stronger perceptions or agreement.
N/A – comprehension item not assessed for given condition.
- Table 4.
HCP Perceptions, Attitudes and Intentions by Biosimilar Disclosure Characteristics
Control Kesterin is a Biosimilar Kesterin is a Biosimilar + Effective Kesterin is a Biosimilar + Effective + Same Sources Kesterin is a Biosimilar + Effective + Same Sources + Dosage and Administration Names the Reference Drug Mytrozen in Definition Does Not Name Reference Drug in Definition Perceived benefit/efficacy Benefit likelihood 3.56 (1.16) 3.59 (0.91) 3.84 (0.97) 3.94 (1.01) 3.82 (1.19) 3.86 (1.18) 3.87 (0.95) Benefit magnitude 3.49 (1.16) 3.54 (0.96) 3.77 (0.97) 3.89 (1.04) 3.77 (1.09) 3.71 (1.09) 3.91 (0.98) Benefit compared to Mytrozen N/A N/A 2.66 (1.24) 2.94 (1.45) 2.83 (1.23) N/A 2.81 (1.3) Benefit compared to other drugs 3.42 (1.14) 3.54 (0.89) 3.16 (1.12) 3.28 (1.28) 3.30 (1.32) 3.27 (1.31) 3.23 (1.18) Perceived risk/safety Side effect likelihood 3.37 (0.8) 3.63 (0.77) 3.54 (0.94) 3.61 (0.98) 3.72 (1.12) 3.58 (1.15) 3.67 (0.89) Side effect severity 3.35 (1.11) 3.37 (1.02) 3.53 (0.94) 3.47 (1.00) 3.60 (1.06) 3.50 (1.09) 3.57 (0.91) Safety compared to Mytrozen N/A N/A 2.78 (1.26) 2.89 (1.43) 2.88 (1.28) N/A 2.86 (1.32) Safety compared to other drugs 3.53 (1.00) 3.63 (1.02) 3.10 (1.12) 3.31 (1.25) 3.33 (1.30) 3.28 (1.28) 3.23 (1.18) Attitudes toward the biosimilar drug 3.80 (0.93) 3.83 (0.97) 4.21 (1.02) 4.37 (1.03) 4.12 (1.07) 4.18 (1.43) 4.41 (1.3) Intention to prescribe biosimilar drug 3.21 (1.36) 3 (1.23) 3.57 (1.30) 3.84 (1.11) 3.84 (1.37) 4.27 (1.07) 4.20 (1.02) Perception that Kesterin and original biologic can be used “interchangeably” N/A N/A 4.18 (1.40) 4.37 (1.37) 4.34 (1.35) 4.62 (1.16) 4.90 (1.24) Abbreviation: HCP, Health care providers.
Note: All planned comparisons were statistically nonsignificant at the Bonferonni adjusted levels. Items measured on a 1-6 Likert sale where larger values reflect stronger perceptions or agreement.
% Preference among Those Assigned to Disclosure Condition % Preference among Those Not Assigned to Disclosure Condition KESTERIN is a biosimilar. 8.7% 8.8% KESTERIN is a biosimilar. This biosimilar is a safe and effective medication and provides the same treatment benefits as an FDA-approved original biologic 30.7% 26.3% KESTERIN is a biosimilar. This biosimilar is a safe and effective medication and provides the same treatment benefits as MYTROZEN, an FDA-approved original biologic 40.6% 39.5% KESTERIN is a biosimilar. This biosimilar is a safe and effective medication and provides the same treatment benefits as an FDA-approved original biologic. Biosimilars are made from the same types of sources as the FDA-approved original biologic 48.6% 47.2% KESTERIN is a biosimilar. This biosimilar is a safe and effective medication and provides the same treatment benefits as MYTROZEN, an FDA-approved original biologic. This biosimilar is made from the same types of sources as MYTROZEN. 50.0% 51.6% KESTERIN is a biosimilar. This biosimilar is a safe and effective medication and provides the same treatment benefits as an FDA-approved original biologic. Biosimilars are made from the same types of sources as the FDA-approved original biologic. KESTERIN is given the same way and has the same strength and dosage as the FDA-approved original biologic. 69.9% 69.0% KESTERIN is a biosimilar. This biosimilar is a safe and effective medication and provides the same treatment benefits as MYTROZEN, an FDA-approved original biologic. This biosimilar is made from the same types of sources as MYTROZEN. KESTERIN is given the same way and has the same strength and dosage as MYTROZEN. 64.8% 66.6% Abbreviation: FDA, Food and drug administration.
% Preference among Those Assigned to Disclosure Condition % Preference among Those Not Assigned to Disclosure Condition KESTERIN is a biosimilar. 12.3% 8.5% KESTERIN is a biosimilar. This biosimilar is a biological product that is highly similar to and has no clinically meaningful differences from an existing reference product. 35.0% 32.6% KESTERIN is a biosimilar. This biosimilar is a biological product that is highly similar to and has no clinically meaningful differences from MYTROZEN, an existing FDA-approved reference product. 46.1% 51.7% KESTERIN is a biosimilar. This biosimilar is a biological product that is highly similar to and has no clinically meaningful differences from an existing FDA-approved reference product. Biosimilars are made from the same types of sources as the FDA-approved reference product. 39.9% 41.7% KESTERIN is a biosimilar. This biosimilar is a biological product that is highly similar to and has no clinically meaningful differences from MYTROZEN, an existing FDA-approved reference product. This biosimilar is made from the same types of sources as MYTROZEN. 48.6% 58.0% KESTERIN is a biosimilar. This biosimilar is a biological product that is highly similar to and has no clinically meaningful differences from an existing FDA-approved reference product. Biosimilars are made from the same types of sources as the FDA-approved reference product. KESTERIN has the same route of administration, dosage form, and strength as an existing FDA-approved reference product 54.8% 62.8% KESTERIN is a biosimilar. This biosimilar is a biological product that is highly similar to and has no clinically meaningful differences from MYTROZEN, an existing FDA-approved reference product. This biosimilar is made from the same types of sources as MYTROZEN. KESTERIN has the same route of administration, dosage form, and strength as MYTROZEN. 73.2% 72.8% Abbreviation: HCP, Health care providers.
