Re: Effectiveness of Long-Term Opioid Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Licciardone JC,
   2. Rama K,
   3. Nguyen A,
   4. Prado CR,
   5. Stanteen C,
   6. Aryal S

   . Effectiveness of long-term opioid therapy for chronic low back pain. J Am Board Fam Med 2024;37:59–72.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
2. 2.↵
   1. Busse JW,
   2. Wang L,
   3. Kamaleldin M,
   4. et al

   . Opioids for chronic noncancer pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2018;320:2448–60.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
3. 3.↵
   1. Chou R,
   2. Hartung D,
   3. Turner J,
   4. et al

   . Opioid treatments for chronic pain. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2020.
4. 4.↵
   1. James JR,
   2. Scott JM,
   3. Klein JW,
   4. et al

   . Mortality after discontinuation of primary care-based chronic opioid therapy for pain: a retrospective cohort study. J Gen Intern Med 2019;34:2749–55.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
5. 5.↵
   1. Agnoli A,
   2. Xing G,
   3. Tancredi DJ,
   4. Magnan E,
   5. Jerant A,
   6. Fenton JJ

   . Association of dose tapering with overdose or mental health crisis among patients prescribed long-term opioids. JAMA 2021;326:411–9.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
6. 6.↵
   1. Hallvik SE,
   2. El Ibrahimi S,
   3. Johnston K,
   4. et al

   . Patient outcomes after opioid dose reduction among patients with chronic opioid therapy. Pain 2022;163:83–90.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
7. 7.↵
   1. Dowell D,
   2. Ragan KR,
   3. Jones CM,
   4. Baldwin GT,
   5. Chou R

   . CDC clinical practice guideline for prescribing opioids for pain - United States, 2022. MMWR Recomm Rep 2022;71:1–95.

   OpenUrl
8. 8.↵
   Veteran Affairs/Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline: Use of Opioids in the Management of Chronic Pain. 2022.