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Research ArticleResearch Letter

Interpersonal Continuity of Care May Help Delay Progression to Type 2 Diabetes

Bobbie L. Johannes, G. Craig Wood, Arch G. Mainous, Adam Cook, Alanna Kulchak Rahm, Christopher D. Still and Lisa Bailey-Davis
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine December 2024, jabfm.2023.230382R2; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2023.230382R2
Bobbie L. Johannes
From the Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA (BLJ, LBD); Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, Danville, PA (GCW, AC, CDS, LBD); Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Health Sciences Center, Gainesville, FL (AGM); Geisinger Department of Genomic Health, Danville, PA 17822 (AKR); Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AKR).
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G. Craig Wood
From the Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA (BLJ, LBD); Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, Danville, PA (GCW, AC, CDS, LBD); Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Health Sciences Center, Gainesville, FL (AGM); Geisinger Department of Genomic Health, Danville, PA 17822 (AKR); Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AKR).
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Arch G. Mainous III
From the Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA (BLJ, LBD); Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, Danville, PA (GCW, AC, CDS, LBD); Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Health Sciences Center, Gainesville, FL (AGM); Geisinger Department of Genomic Health, Danville, PA 17822 (AKR); Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AKR).
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Adam Cook
From the Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA (BLJ, LBD); Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, Danville, PA (GCW, AC, CDS, LBD); Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Health Sciences Center, Gainesville, FL (AGM); Geisinger Department of Genomic Health, Danville, PA 17822 (AKR); Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AKR).
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Alanna Kulchak Rahm
From the Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA (BLJ, LBD); Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, Danville, PA (GCW, AC, CDS, LBD); Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Health Sciences Center, Gainesville, FL (AGM); Geisinger Department of Genomic Health, Danville, PA 17822 (AKR); Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AKR).
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Christopher D. Still
From the Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA (BLJ, LBD); Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, Danville, PA (GCW, AC, CDS, LBD); Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Health Sciences Center, Gainesville, FL (AGM); Geisinger Department of Genomic Health, Danville, PA 17822 (AKR); Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AKR).
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Lisa Bailey-Davis
From the Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA (BLJ, LBD); Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, Danville, PA (GCW, AC, CDS, LBD); Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Health Sciences Center, Gainesville, FL (AGM); Geisinger Department of Genomic Health, Danville, PA 17822 (AKR); Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AKR).
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    Table 1.

    Cox Regression Models Estimating the Hazard Ratios (HR) of Progressing to Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) within 3-Years of Being Diagnosed with Prediabetes

    HR (95% CI)
    Number of primary care visits with the most frequently seen clinician0.86 (0.85, 0.87)***
    Hypertension1.02 (0.90, 1.15)
    Hyperlipidemia1.10 (0.97, 1.23)
    HbA1c at Baseline33.25 (25.65, 43.12)***
    BMI at Baseline1.02 (1.02, 1.03)***
    Age at Baseline1.01 (1.00, 1.01)**
    Sex (ref= female)1.24 (1.11, 1.38)**
    Race/ethnicity
    (ref=non-Hispanic White)
    Black0.75 (0.50, 1.13)
    Hispanic1.33 (0.9, 1.96)
    Other/Unknown1.59 (1.20, 2.11)**
    Percent weight lost (WL) at 1 year post baseline0.96 (0.94, 0.97)***
    Lost >=3% WL at 1-year and then regained at least 2% by 3 years post1.19 (1.00, 1.42)
    • ↵Notes: **P < .01; ***P < .001.

    • ↵Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.

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The Journal of the American Board of Family     Medicine: 38 (1)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 38, Issue 1
January-February 2025
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Interpersonal Continuity of Care May Help Delay Progression to Type 2 Diabetes
Bobbie L. Johannes, G. Craig Wood, Arch G. Mainous, Adam Cook, Alanna Kulchak Rahm, Christopher D. Still, Lisa Bailey-Davis
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Dec 2024, jabfm.2023.230382R2; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2023.230382R2

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Interpersonal Continuity of Care May Help Delay Progression to Type 2 Diabetes
Bobbie L. Johannes, G. Craig Wood, Arch G. Mainous, Adam Cook, Alanna Kulchak Rahm, Christopher D. Still, Lisa Bailey-Davis
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Dec 2024, jabfm.2023.230382R2; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2023.230382R2
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