Research ArticleSpecial Communication

Leveraging the All of Us Database for Primary Care Research with Large Datasets

Daniel J. Parente
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine November 2024, jabfm.2023.230453R2; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2023.230453R2

References

  1. 1.↵
    1. Denny JC,
    2. Rutter JL,
    3. Goldstein DB
    , All of Us Research Program Iet al. The “All of Us” research program. N Engl J Med 2019;381:668–76.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  2. 2.↵
    1. Mapes BM,
    2. Foster CS,
    3. Kusnoor SV
    , All of Us Research Programet al. Diversity and inclusion for the All of Us research program: a scoping review. PLoS One 2020;15:e0234962.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  3. 3.↵
    1. Aschebrook-Kilfoy B,
    2. Zakin P,
    3. Craver A
    , All of Us Research Program Investigatorset al. An overview of cancer in the first 315,000 All of Us participants. PLoS One 2022;17:e0272522.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  4. 4.↵
    1. Coughlin SS,
    2. Chen J,
    3. Cortes JE
    . Health care access and utilization among adult cancer survivors: results from the National Institutes of Health “All of Us” research program. Cancer Med 2021;10:3646–54.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  5. 5.↵
    1. Elsamadicy AA,
    2. Wang C,
    3. Reeves BC,
    4. et al
    . Socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in perception of health status and literacy in spine oncological patients: insights from the All of Us research program. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2023;48:1107–15.
    OpenUrl
  6. 6.↵
    1. Feng J,
    2. Symonds EA,
    3. Karnes JH
    . Visualization and quantification of the association between breast cancer and cholesterol in the All of Us research program. Cancer Inform 2023;22:11769351221144132.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  7. 7.↵
    1. Hoyt MA,
    2. Darabos K,
    3. Llave K
    . Disparities in health-related quality of life among lesbian, gay, and bisexual cancer survivors. J Psychosoc Oncol 2023;41:661–72.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  8. 8.↵
    1. Joshi TP,
    2. Black TA,
    3. Fernandez B,
    4. et al
    . Comorbidities associated with mycosis fungoides: a case-control study in the All of Us database. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023;88:686–8.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  9. 9.↵
    1. Keeler Bruce L,
    2. Paul P,
    3. Kim KK,
    4. Kim J
    , All of Us Research Program Investigatorset al. Family and personal history of cancer in the All of Us research program for precision medicine. PLoS One 2023;18:e0288496.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  10. 10.↵
    1. Na J,
    2. Zong N,
    3. Wang C,
    4. et al
    . Characterizing phenotypic abnormalities associated with high-risk individuals developing lung cancer using electronic health records from the All of Us researcher workbench. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021;28:2313–24.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  11. 11.↵
    1. Ronquillo JG,
    2. Lester WT
    . Precision medicine landscape of genomic testing for patients with cancer in the National Institutes of Health All of Us database using informatics approaches. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2022;6:e2100152.
    OpenUrl
  12. 12.↵
    1. Ronquillo JG,
    2. Lester WT
    . Pharmacogenomic testing and prescribing patterns for patients with cancer in a large national precision medicine cohort. J Med Genet 2023;60:81–3.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  13. 13.↵
    1. Yu J,
    2. Sullivan BG,
    3. Senthil GN,
    4. et al
    . Prevalence of primary liver cancer is affected by place of birth in Hispanic people residing in the United States: All of Us research program report. Am Surg 2022;88:2565–71.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  14. 14.↵
    1. Althoff KN,
    2. Schlueter DJ,
    3. Anton-Culver H,
    4. et al
    . Antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in All of Us research program participants, 2 January to 18 March 2020. Clin Infect Dis 2022;74:584–90.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  15. 15.↵
    1. Desine S,
    2. Master H,
    3. Annis J,
    4. et al
    . Daily step counts before and after the COVID-19 pandemic among All of Us research participants. JAMA Netw Open 2023;6:e233526.
    OpenUrl
  16. 16.↵
    1. Fan R,
    2. Leasure AC,
    3. Damsky W,
    4. Cohen JM
    . Association between atopic dermatitis and COVID-19 infection: a case-control study in the All of Us research program. JAAD Int 2022;6:77–81.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  17. 17.↵
    1. Gu S,
    2. Rajendiran G,
    3. Forest K,
    4. et al
    . Drug-induced liver injury with commonly used antibiotics in the All of Us research program. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023;114:404–12.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  18. 18.↵
    1. Lee YH,
    2. Liu Z,
    3. Fatori D,
    4. et al
    . Association of everyday discrimination with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic in the All of Us research program. JAMA Psychiatry 2022;79:898–906.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  19. 19.↵
    1. Luo W,
    2. Baldwin E,
    3. Jiang AY,
    4. Li S,
    5. Yang B,
    6. Li H
    . Effects of housing environments on COVID-19 transmission and mental health revealed by COVID-19 participant experience data from the All of Us research program in the USA: a case-control study. BMJ Open 2022;12:e063714.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  20. 20.↵
    1. Miller CN,
    2. Althoff KN,
    3. Schlueter DJ
    , All of Us Research Programet al. Concordance of SARS-CoV-2 antibody results during a period of low prevalence. mSphere. 2022;7:e0025722.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  21. 21.↵
    1. Moseley I,
    2. Ragi SD,
    3. Ouellette S,
    4. Rao B
    . Tinea pedis in underrepresented groups: All of Us database analysis. Mycoses 2023;66:29–34.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  22. 22.↵
    1. Pfaff ER,
    2. Girvin AT,
    3. Crosskey M
    , N3C and RECOVER Consortiaet al. De-black-boxing health AI: demonstrating reproducible machine learning computable phenotypes using the N3C-RECOVER Long COVID model in the All of Us data repository. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2023;30:1305–12.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  23. 23.↵
    1. Xing LQ,
    2. Xu ML,
    3. Sun J,
    4. et al
    . Anxiety and depression in frontline health care workers during the outbreak of Covid-19. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2021;67:656–63.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  24. 24.↵
    1. Joel MZ,
    2. Fan R,
    3. Damsky W,
    4. Cohen JM
    . Psoriasis associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis: a US-based cross-sectional study using the All of US research program. Arch Dermatol Res 2023;315:1823–6.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  25. 25.↵
    1. Acosta JN,
    2. Leasure AC,
    3. Both CP,
    4. et al
    . Cardiovascular health disparities in racial and other underrepresented groups: initial results from the All of Us research program. J Am Heart Assoc 2021;10:e021724.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  26. 26.↵
    1. Alonso A,
    2. Alam AB,
    3. Kamel H,
    4. et al
    . Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in the All of Us research program. PLoS One 2022;17:e0265498.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  27. 27.↵
    1. Chandler PD,
    2. Clark CR,
    3. Zhou G
    , All of Us Research Program Investigatorset al. Hypertension prevalence in the All of Us Research Program among groups traditionally underrepresented in medical research. Sci Rep 2021;11:12849.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  28. 28.↵
    1. Kurniansyah N,
    2. Goodman MO,
    3. Khan AT,
    4. et al
    . Evaluating the use of blood pressure polygenic risk scores across race/ethnic background groups. Nat Commun 2023;14:3202.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  29. 29.↵
    1. Lee EB,
    2. Hu W,
    3. Singh K,
    4. Wang SY
    . The association among blood pressure, blood pressure medications, and glaucoma in a nationwide electronic health records database. Ophthalmology 2022;129:276–84.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  30. 30.↵
    1. Mensah GA,
    2. Jaquish C,
    3. Srinivas P,
    4. et al
    . Emerging concepts in precision medicine and cardiovascular diseases in racial and ethnic minority populations. Circ Res 2019;125:7–13.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  31. 31.↵
    1. Nagar SD,
    2. Pemu P,
    3. Qian J
    , SEEC Consortiumet al. Investigation of hypertension and type 2 diabetes as risk factors for dementia in the All of Us cohort. Sci Rep 2022;12:19797.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  32. 32.↵
    1. Renedo D,
    2. Acosta JN,
    3. Sujijantarat N,
    4. et al
    . Carotid artery disease among broadly defined underrepresented groups: the All of Us research program. Stroke 2022;53:e88–e9.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  33. 33.↵
    1. Wang X,
    2. Ryu J,
    3. Kim J
    , All of Us Research Programet al. Common and rare variants associated with cardiometabolic traits across 98,622 whole-genome sequences in the All of Us research program. J Hum Genet 2023;68:565–70.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  34. 34.↵
    1. Xue Q,
    2. Li X,
    3. Wang X,
    4. Ma H,
    5. Heianza Y,
    6. Qi L
    . Subtypes of type 2 diabetes and incident cardiovascular disease risk: UK Biobank and All of Us cohorts. Mayo Clin Proc 2023;98:1192–204.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  35. 35.↵
    1. Almazan E,
    2. Schwartz JL,
    3. Gudzune KA
    . Use of medications associated with weight change among participants in the All of Us research programme. Clin Obes 2023;13:e12609.
    OpenUrl
  36. 36.↵
    1. Clark CR,
    2. Chandler PD,
    3. Zhou G,
    4. et al
    . Geographic variation in obesity at the state level in the All of Us research program. Prev Chronic Dis 2021;18:E104.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  37. 37.↵
    1. Giangreco NP,
    2. Lina S,
    3. Qian J,
    4. et al
    . Pediatric data from the All of Us research program: demonstration of pediatric obesity over time. JAMIA Open 2021;4:ooab112.
    OpenUrl
  38. 38.↵
    1. Abegaz TM,
    2. Ahmed M,
    3. Sherbeny F,
    4. Diaby V,
    5. Chi H,
    6. Ali AA
    . Application of machine learning algorithms to predict uncontrolled diabetes using the All of Us research program data. Healthcare (Basel) 2023;11:1138.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  39. 39.↵
    1. Chan AX,
    2. McDermott JJ Iv.,
    3. Lee TC,
    4. et al
    . Associations between healthcare utilization and access and diabetic retinopathy complications using All of Us nationwide survey data. PLoS One 2022;17:e0269231.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  40. 40.↵
    1. Delavar A,
    2. Radha Saseendrakumar B,
    3. Lee TC,
    4. et al
    . Associations between thyroid eye disease and glaucoma among those enrolled in the National Institutes of Health All of Us research program. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2023;39:336–40.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  41. 41.↵
    1. Devineni D,
    2. Akbarpour M,
    3. Gong Y,
    4. Wong ND
    . Inadequate use of newer treatments and glycemic control by cardiovascular risk and sociodemographic groups in US adults with diabetes in the NIH precision medicine initiative All of Us research program. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2022;38:347–57.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  42. 42.↵
    1. Fan R,
    2. Leasure AC,
    3. Maisha FI,
    4. Cohen JM,
    5. Little AJ
    . Thyroid disorders associated with lichen sclerosus: a case-control study in the All of Us research program. Br J Dermatol 2022;187:797–9.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  43. 43.↵
    1. Lee TC,
    2. Radha-Saseendrakumar B,
    3. Delavar A,
    4. et al
    . Evaluation of depression and anxiety in a diverse population with thyroid eye disease using the nationwide NIH All of Us database. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2023;39:281–7.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  44. 44.↵
    1. Perry AS,
    2. Annis JS,
    3. Master H,
    4. et al
    . Association of longitudinal activity measures and diabetes risk: an analysis from the national institutes of health All of Us research program. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023;108:1101–9.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  45. 45.↵
    1. Fan R,
    2. Leasure AC,
    3. Damsky W,
    4. Cohen JM
    . Migraine among adults with atopic dermatitis: a cross-sectional study in the All of Us research programme. Clin Exp Dermatol 2023;48:24–6.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  46. 46.↵
    1. Leasure AC,
    2. Acosta JN,
    3. Both C,
    4. et al
    . Stroke disparities among nonracial minorities in the All of Us research program. Stroke 2021;52:e488–e90.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  47. 47.↵
    1. Renedo D,
    2. Acosta JN,
    3. Koo AB,
    4. et al
    . Higher hospital frailty risk score is associated with increased risk of stroke: observational and genetic analyses. Stroke 2023;54:1538–47.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  48. 48.↵
    1. Ahmed F,
    2. Moseley I,
    3. Ragi SD,
    4. Ouellette S,
    5. Rao B
    . Vitiligo in underrepresented communities: an All of Us database analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023;88:945–8.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  49. 49.↵
    1. Ahmed F,
    2. Ragi SD,
    3. Moseley I,
    4. et al
    . Rosacea diagnosis and prescription patterns in underrepresented groups: an All of Us database analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023;89:384–5.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  50. 50.↵
    1. Belzer A,
    2. Leasure AC,
    3. Cohen JM,
    4. Perkins SH
    . The association of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma with solid organ transplantation: a cross-sectional study of the All of Us research program. Int J Dermatol 2023;62:e564–e6.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  51. 51.↵
    1. Fan R,
    2. Leasure AC,
    3. Cohen JM
    . Association of autoimmune comorbidities with lichen planus: a United States-based case-control study in the All of Us research program. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022;87:1451–3.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  52. 52.↵
    1. Fan R,
    2. Leasure AC,
    3. Damsky W,
    4. Cohen JM
    . Alcohol use disorder among adults with atopic dermatitis: a case-control study in the All of Us research program. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022;87:1378–80.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  53. 53.↵
    1. Fan R,
    2. Leasure AC,
    3. Little AJ,
    4. Cohen JM
    . Lichen sclerosus among women with psoriasis: a cross-sectional study in the All of Us research program. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023;88:1175–7.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  54. 54.↵
    1. Hodelin C,
    2. Fan R,
    3. Damsky W,
    4. Cohen JM
    . The association of atopic dermatitis and chronic rhinosinusitis in adults: a cross-sectional study using the All of Us research program. Int J Dermatol 2023;62:e430–e1.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  55. 55.↵
    1. Hong S,
    2. Fan R,
    3. Cohen JM
    . Lichen planus is associated with depression and anxiety: a cross-sectional study in the All of Us research program. Arch Dermatol Res 2023;315:1417–9.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  56. 56.↵
    1. Joel MZ,
    2. Fan R,
    3. Cohen JM
    . Association between psoriasis and celiac disease: a cross-sectional study in the All of Us research program. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023;88:1386–8.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  57. 57.↵
    1. Joshi TP,
    2. Bancroft A,
    3. DeLeon D,
    4. et al
    . Association of atopic dermatitis with substance use disorders: A case-control study in the All of Us research program. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023;89:e237–e8.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  58. 58.↵
    1. Joshi TP,
    2. Calderara GA,
    3. Lipoff JB
    . Prevalence of pityriasis rosea in the United States: a cross-sectional study using the All of Us database. JAAD Int 2022;8:45–6.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  59. 59.↵
    1. Joshi TP,
    2. Chen V,
    3. Dong JL,
    4. et al
    . Atopic comorbidities associated with granuloma annulare: a case-control study of the All of Us database. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023;89:145–6.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  60. 60.↵
    1. Joshi TP,
    2. Duruewuru A,
    3. Holla S,
    4. Naqvi Z,
    5. Zhu H,
    6. Ren V
    . Comorbidities associated with lichen planopilaris: a case-control study using the All of Us database. Int J Dermatol 2023;62:e396–e8.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  61. 61.↵
    1. Joshi TP,
    2. Fernandez B,
    3. Friske S,
    4. et al
    . Burden of atopic disease in Black and Hispanic patients with alopecia areata: a case-control study in the All of Us research program. Int J Dermatol 2023;62:e393–e4.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  62. 62.↵
    1. Joshi TP,
    2. Garcia D,
    3. Gedeon F,
    4. et al
    . Epidemiology of alopecia areata in the Hispanic/Latinx community: a cross-sectional analysis of the All of Us database. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023;89:e61–e2.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  63. 63.↵
    1. Joshi TP,
    2. Zhu H,
    3. Naqvi Z,
    4. Holla S,
    5. Duruewuru A,
    6. Ren V
    . Prevalence of lichen planopilaris in the United States: a cross-sectional study of the All of Us research program. JAAD Int 2022;8:69–70.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  64. 64.↵
    1. Leasure AC,
    2. Cohen JM
    . Prevalence of lichen planus in the United States: a cross-sectional study of the All of Us research program. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022;87:686–7.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  65. 65.↵
    1. Leasure AC,
    2. Cohen JM
    . Prevalence of eczema among adults in the United States: a cross-sectional study in the All of Us research program. Arch Dermatol Res 2023;315:999–1001.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  66. 66.↵
    1. Leasure AC,
    2. Damsky W,
    3. Cohen JM
    . Comorbidities associated with granuloma annulare: a case-control study in the All of Us research program. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022;87:197–9.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  67. 67.↵
    1. Leasure AC,
    2. Damsky W,
    3. Cohen JM
    . Prevalence of granuloma annulare in the United States: a cross-sectional study in the All of Us research program. Int J Dermatol 2022;61:e301–e2.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  68. 68.↵
    1. Moseley I,
    2. Ragi SD,
    3. Lombardi A
    . Atopic dermatitis in underrepresented groups: an All of Us database analysis. Dermatitis 2022;33:S143–S145.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  69. 69.↵
    1. Moseley I,
    2. Ragi SD,
    3. Ouellette S,
    4. Rao B
    . Condyloma acuminata in under-represented groups: an All of Us database analysis. Sex Transm Infect 2022;98:620–1.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  70. 70.↵
    1. Moseley I,
    2. Ragi SD,
    3. Ouellette S,
    4. Rao B
    . Onychomycosis in underrepresented groups: an All of Us database analysis. Arch Dermatol Res 2023;315:647–51.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  71. 71.↵
    1. Moseley IH,
    2. George EA,
    3. Tran MM,
    4. Lee H,
    5. Qureshi AA,
    6. Cho E
    . Alopecia areata in underrepresented groups: preliminary analysis of the All of Us research program. Arch Dermatol Res 2023;315:1631–7.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  72. 72.↵
    1. Murphy MJ,
    2. Heyang M,
    3. Fan R,
    4. Leasure AC,
    5. Damsky W,
    6. Cohen JM
    . Association between uveitis and Lichen planus in the All of Us research program. Arch Dermatol Res 2023;315:2729–30.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  73. 73.↵
    1. Murphy MJ,
    2. Leasure AC,
    3. Damsky W,
    4. Cohen JM
    . Association of sarcoidosis with psoriasis: a cross-sectional study in the All of Us research program. Arch Dermatol Res 2023;315:1439–41.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  74. 74.↵
    1. Nock MR,
    2. Barbieri JS,
    3. Krueger LD,
    4. Cohen JM
    . Racial and ethnic differences in barriers to care among US adults with chronic inflammatory skin diseases: a cross-sectional study of the All of Us research program. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023;88:568–76.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  75. 75.↵
    1. Ragi SD,
    2. Lin Z,
    3. Moseley I,
    4. Ahmed F,
    5. Ouellette S,
    6. Rao B
    . Psychiatric comorbidities of Hidradenitis suppurativa in underrepresented groups: a case-control study utilizing the All of Us research program. Arch Dermatol Res 2023;315:1457–9.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  76. 76.↵
    1. Tran MM,
    2. Moseley IH,
    3. George EA,
    4. Qureshi AA,
    5. Cho E
    . Examining the burden of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in a US adult cohort using the All of Us research program. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023;89:859–62.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  77. 77.↵
    1. Rice C,
    2. Ayyala DN,
    3. Shi H,
    4. et al
    . Sex and racial differences in systemic lupus erythematosus among US adults in the All of Us research program. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2023;75:2096–106.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  78. 78.↵
    1. McDermott JJ,
    2. Lee TC,
    3. Chan AX,
    4. et al
    . Novel association between opioid use and increased risk of retinal vein occlusion using the National Institutes of Health All of Us research program. Ophthalmol Sci 2022;2.
  79. 79.↵
    1. Wu JH,
    2. Radha Saseendrakumar B,
    3. Moghimi S,
    4. et al
    . Epidemiology and factors associated with cannabis use among patients with glaucoma in the All of Us research program. Heliyon 2023;9:e15811.
    OpenUrl
  80. 80.↵
    1. Venner E,
    2. Muzny D,
    3. Smith JD
    , All of Us Research Program Regulatory Working Groupet al. Whole-genome sequencing as an investigational device for return of hereditary disease risk and pharmacogenomic results as part of the All of Us research program. Genome Med 2022;14:34.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  81. 81.↵
    1. Acuff K,
    2. Delavar A,
    3. Radha Saseendrakumar B,
    4. Wu JH,
    5. Weinreb RN,
    6. Baxter SL
    . Associations between socioeconomic factors and visit adherence among patients with glaucoma in the All of Us research program. Ophthalmol Glaucoma 2023;6:405–12.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  82. 82.↵
    1. Baxter SL,
    2. Saseendrakumar BR,
    3. Paul P
    , All of Us Research Program Investigatorset al. Predictive analytics for glaucoma using data from the All of Us research program. Am J Ophthalmol 2021;227:74–86.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  83. 83.↵
    1. Chan AX,
    2. Radha Saseendrakumar B,
    3. Ozzello DJ,
    4. et al
    . Social determinants associated with loss of an eye in the United States using the All of Us nationwide database. Orbit 2022;41:739–44.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  84. 84.↵
    1. Delavar A,
    2. Radha Saseendrakumar B,
    3. Weinreb RN,
    4. Baxter SL
    . Racial and ethnic disparities in cost-related barriers to medication adherence among patients with glaucoma enrolled in the National Institutes of Health All of Us research program. JAMA Ophthalmol 2022;140:354–61.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  85. 85.↵
    1. Delavar A,
    2. Saseendrakumar BR,
    3. Weinreb RN,
    4. Baxter SL
    . Healthcare access and utilization among glaucoma patients in a nationwide cohort. J Glaucoma 2023;32:40–7.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  86. 86.↵
    1. Sekimitsu S,
    2. Shweikh Y,
    3. Zebardast N
    . Effect of visual impairment on depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Can J Ophthalmol 2022.
  87. 87.↵
    1. Almazan E,
    2. Yenokyan G,
    3. Ng K
    . Systemic diseases associated with a diagnosis of achalasia: a case-control study with the All of Us research program. Eur J Intern Med 2022;104:125–7.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  88. 88.↵
    1. Weidner A,
    2. Asif I
    . Shaping the future of family medicine research: the 2023 National Family Medicine Research Summit. Ann Fam Med 2024;22:72–4.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  89. 89.↵
    R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. 2013. Available at: http://www.R-project.org/.
  90. 90.↵
    1. Van Rossum G,
    2. Drake FL Jr.
    The python language reference. Python Software Foundation: Wilmington, DE, USA. 2014.
  91. 91.↵
    1. Vaswani A,
    2. Shazeer N,
    3. Parmar N,
    4. et al
    . Attention is all you need. Advances in Neural Inf Process Syst 2017;30.
  92. 92.↵
    1. Dettmers T,
    2. Pagnoni A,
    3. Holtzman A,
    4. Zettlemoyer L
    . Qlora: efficient finetuning of quantized llms. arXiv preprint arXiv 2023; 230514314.
  93. 93.↵
    1. Frantar E,
    2. Ashkboos S,
    3. Hoefler T,
    4. Alistarh D
    . Gptq: accurate post-training quantization for generative pre-trained transformers. arXiv preprint arXiv 2022; 221017323.
  94. 94.↵
    1. Gerganov G
    . GitHub: ggerganov/ggml 2023 [cited 2023-09-28]. Available at: https://github.com/ggerganov/ggml.
  95. 95.↵
    Department of Health and Human Services. Code of Federal Regulations Title 45 Part 46 Protection of Human Subjects. Available at: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-45/part-46.
  96. 96.↵
    1. Barr PB,
    2. Bigdeli TB,
    3. Meyers JL
    . Prevalence, comorbidity, and sociodemographic correlates of psychiatric disorders reported in the All of Us research program. JAMA Psychiatry 2022;79:622–8.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  97. 97.↵
    Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. ACGME program requirements for graduate medical education in family medicine 2023 [cited 2023 2023-11-14]. Available at: https://www.acgme.org/globalassets/pfassets/programrequirements/120_familymedicine_2023.pdf.
Back to top

In this issue

Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Email Article
Citation Tools

Jump to section

Keywords