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Brief ReportBrief Report

Parental Reading to Infants Improves Language Score: A Rural Family Medicine Intervention

Adam M. Franks, Callie Seaman, Emily K. Franks, William Rollyson and Todd Davies
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine November 2022, jabfm.2022.220064R2; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2022.220064R2
Adam M. Franks
From Department of Family and Community Health, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University (AMF, WR, TD); National Capital Consortium Family Medicine Program (CS); American Speech–Language–Hearing Association (EKF).
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Callie Seaman
From Department of Family and Community Health, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University (AMF, WR, TD); National Capital Consortium Family Medicine Program (CS); American Speech–Language–Hearing Association (EKF).
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Emily K. Franks
From Department of Family and Community Health, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University (AMF, WR, TD); National Capital Consortium Family Medicine Program (CS); American Speech–Language–Hearing Association (EKF).
MA, CCC-SLP
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William Rollyson
From Department of Family and Community Health, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University (AMF, WR, TD); National Capital Consortium Family Medicine Program (CS); American Speech–Language–Hearing Association (EKF).
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Todd Davies
From Department of Family and Community Health, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University (AMF, WR, TD); National Capital Consortium Family Medicine Program (CS); American Speech–Language–Hearing Association (EKF).
PhD
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    Figure 1.

    Books utilized during the study.

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    Figure 2.

    Longitudinal changes of language scores.

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    Figure 3.

    Books each week experienced by infants.

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    Table 1.

    Demographic Characteristics of Groups

    Randomized GroupFunctional Grouping
    SomeAlways
    GroupABCP<7 books7 or moreP
    Number1618181834
    A97
    B612
    C3150.007
    Gender (female)a62.50%27.78%50.00%0.11844.44%47.06%0.857
    GAb38.538.639.30.35438.438.90.657
    Delivery (cesarean)a37.50%44.44%38.89%0.80750.00%35.29%0.466
    NICUa18.75%16.67%11.11%0.89416.67%14.71%0.852
    Maternal ageb29.625.627.50.05328.327.10.308
    Paternal ageb32.228.229.80.18131.429.20.305
    Maternal education levelb13.413.715.20.03512.614.90.015
    Paternal education levelb12.613.713.80.70912.114.10.034
    Birth orderb2.51.91.90.3412.41.90.302
    Number of adultsb2.62.32.20.6292.72.20.149
    Number of kidsb2.41.82.10.5082.51.90.141
    • Abbreviations: A, books only; B, books and commitment to read 1 book a day; C, books and commitment to read 1 book a day and video; NICU, the neonatal intensive care unit.

    • ↵a Fischer's exact test.

    • ↵b Kruskal-Wallis test.

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    Table 2.

    Comparison of Language Skills for Infants of Mothers with a Low Education Level

    Expressive LanguageReceptive LanguageCombined Language
    SomeAlwaysSomeAlwaysSomeAlways
    Infant age<7 books7+ booksP<7 books7+ booksP<7 books7+ booksP
    2 weeks95.67 (6.43)83.13 (28.19)0.30084.50 (8.84)84.88 (6.38)0.69688.17 (8.01)87.50 (5.01)0.786
    2 months106.50 (5.40)104.89 (5.09)0.47398.83 (9.10)98.33 (8.93)0.888103.42 (7.65)101.78 (7.34)0.725
    4 months108.90 (5.47)106.78 (4.35)0.267100.50 (7.72)101.78 (3.53)0.968105.70 (7.54)105.22 (4.68)0.717
    6 months103.36 (6.67)104.25 (4.27)0.61895.00 (5.66)97.38 (7.23)0.39498.82 (7.47)101.00 (6.23)0.418
    9 months96.89 (6.39)102.40 (7.83)0.22687.67 (5.20)95.80 (7.85)0.09291.44 (6.04)98.80 (9.18)0.183
    12 months96.00 (10.61)106.50 (7.71)0.11286.60 (9.05)96.33 (5.68)0.05190.10 (11.98)102.17 (7.14)0.065
    • Note: P values were derived from Wilcoxen–Mann–Whitney tests. Among mothers whose education level was ≤12, there is marginally higher receptive language among those who always read ≥7 books/week in the later phase, at 9 months (P  = 0.092) and 12 months (P  = 0.051). Also, combined language of the same group of mothers is marginally higher among those who always read ≥7 books at 12 months (P = 0.065).

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The Journal of the American Board of Family     Medicine: 38 (1)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 38, Issue 1
January-February 2025
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Parental Reading to Infants Improves Language Score: A Rural Family Medicine Intervention
Adam M. Franks, Callie Seaman, Emily K. Franks, William Rollyson, Todd Davies
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Nov 2022, jabfm.2022.220064R2; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.220064R2

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Parental Reading to Infants Improves Language Score: A Rural Family Medicine Intervention
Adam M. Franks, Callie Seaman, Emily K. Franks, William Rollyson, Todd Davies
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Nov 2022, jabfm.2022.220064R2; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.220064R2
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