Skip to main content

Main menu

  • HOME
  • ARTICLES
    • Current Issue
    • Abstracts In Press
    • Archives
    • Special Issue Archive
    • Subject Collections
  • INFO FOR
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Call For Papers
    • Subscribers
    • Advertisers
  • SUBMIT
    • Manuscript
    • Peer Review
  • ABOUT
    • The JABFM
    • The Editing Fellowship
    • Editorial Board
    • Indexing
    • Editors' Blog
  • CLASSIFIEDS
  • Other Publications
    • abfm

User menu

Search

  • Advanced search
American Board of Family Medicine
  • Other Publications
    • abfm
American Board of Family Medicine

American Board of Family Medicine

Advanced Search

  • HOME
  • ARTICLES
    • Current Issue
    • Abstracts In Press
    • Archives
    • Special Issue Archive
    • Subject Collections
  • INFO FOR
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Call For Papers
    • Subscribers
    • Advertisers
  • SUBMIT
    • Manuscript
    • Peer Review
  • ABOUT
    • The JABFM
    • The Editing Fellowship
    • Editorial Board
    • Indexing
    • Editors' Blog
  • CLASSIFIEDS
  • JABFM on Bluesky
  • JABFM On Facebook
  • JABFM On Twitter
  • JABFM On YouTube
Research ArticleOriginal Research

Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence Use in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study with Providers and Staff of Ontario Community Health Centres

Danielle M. Nash, Cathy Thorpe, Judith Belle Brown, Jacqueline K. Kueper, Jennifer Rayner, Daniel J. Lizotte, Amanda L. Terry and Merrick Zwarenstein
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine April 2023, 36 (2) 221-228; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2022.220177R2
Danielle M. Nash
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (DMN, DJL, ALT, MZ); ICES, Ontario, Canada (DMN, MZ); Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (DMN, CT, JBB, JR, ALT, MZ); Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (JKK, DJL); Department of Research and Evaluation, Alliance for Healthier Communities, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (JR); Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (ALT).
PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Cathy Thorpe
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (DMN, DJL, ALT, MZ); ICES, Ontario, Canada (DMN, MZ); Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (DMN, CT, JBB, JR, ALT, MZ); Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (JKK, DJL); Department of Research and Evaluation, Alliance for Healthier Communities, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (JR); Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (ALT).
MA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Judith Belle Brown
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (DMN, DJL, ALT, MZ); ICES, Ontario, Canada (DMN, MZ); Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (DMN, CT, JBB, JR, ALT, MZ); Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (JKK, DJL); Department of Research and Evaluation, Alliance for Healthier Communities, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (JR); Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (ALT).
PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Jacqueline K. Kueper
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (DMN, DJL, ALT, MZ); ICES, Ontario, Canada (DMN, MZ); Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (DMN, CT, JBB, JR, ALT, MZ); Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (JKK, DJL); Department of Research and Evaluation, Alliance for Healthier Communities, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (JR); Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (ALT).
PhD(C)
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Jennifer Rayner
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (DMN, DJL, ALT, MZ); ICES, Ontario, Canada (DMN, MZ); Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (DMN, CT, JBB, JR, ALT, MZ); Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (JKK, DJL); Department of Research and Evaluation, Alliance for Healthier Communities, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (JR); Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (ALT).
PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Daniel J. Lizotte
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (DMN, DJL, ALT, MZ); ICES, Ontario, Canada (DMN, MZ); Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (DMN, CT, JBB, JR, ALT, MZ); Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (JKK, DJL); Department of Research and Evaluation, Alliance for Healthier Communities, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (JR); Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (ALT).
PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Amanda L. Terry
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (DMN, DJL, ALT, MZ); ICES, Ontario, Canada (DMN, MZ); Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (DMN, CT, JBB, JR, ALT, MZ); Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (JKK, DJL); Department of Research and Evaluation, Alliance for Healthier Communities, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (JR); Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (ALT).
PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Merrick Zwarenstein
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (DMN, DJL, ALT, MZ); ICES, Ontario, Canada (DMN, MZ); Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (DMN, CT, JBB, JR, ALT, MZ); Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (JKK, DJL); Department of Research and Evaluation, Alliance for Healthier Communities, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (JR); Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (ALT).
MBBCh, PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

References

  1. 1.↵
    1. Turing A
    . Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind 1950;59:433–60.
    OpenUrl
  2. 2.↵
    1. Rodgers S
    . Themed issue introduction: promises and perils of artificial intelligence and advertising. J Advert 2021;50:1–10.
    OpenUrl
  3. 3.↵
    1. McGovern A,
    2. Elmore KL,
    3. Gagne DJ,
    4. et al
    . Using artificial intelligence to improve real-time decision-making for high-impact weather. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 2017;98:2073–90.
    OpenUrl
  4. 4.↵
    1. Guo Y,
    2. Hao Z,
    3. Zhao S,
    4. et al
    . Artificial intelligence in health care: bibliometric analysis. J Med Internet Res 2020;22:e18228.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  5. 5.↵
    1. Stanganelli I,
    2. Brucale A,
    3. Calori L,
    4. et al
    . Computer-aided diagnosis of melanocytic lesions. Anticancer Res 2005;25:4577–82.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  6. 6.↵
    1. Esteva A,
    2. Kuprel B,
    3. Novoa RA,
    4. et al
    . Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks. Nature 2017;542:115–8.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  7. 7.↵
    1. Kueper JK,
    2. Terry AL,
    3. Zwarenstein M,
    4. et al
    . Artificial intelligence and primary care research: a scoping review. Ann Fam Med 2020;18:250–8.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  8. 8.↵
    1. Liaw W,
    2. Kakadiaris IA
    . Primary care artificial intelligence: a branch hiding in plain sight. Ann Fam Med 2020;18:194–5.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  9. 9.↵
    1. Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi S,
    2. Légaré F,
    3. Sharma G,
    4. et al
    . Application of artificial intelligence in community-based primary health care: systematic scoping review and critical appraisal. J Med Internet Res 2021;23:e29839.
    OpenUrl
  10. 10.↵
    1. Lin S
    . A clinician’s guide to artificial intelligence (AI): why and how primary care should lead the health care AI revolution. J Am Board Fam Med 2022;35:175–84.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  11. 11.↵
    1. Liaw W,
    2. Kakadiaris IA
    . Artificial intelligence and family medicine: better together. Fam Med 2020;52:8–10.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  12. 12.↵
    1. Chew HSJ,
    2. Achananuparp P
    . Perceptions and needs of artificial intelligence in health care to increase adoption: scoping review. J Med Internet Res 2022;24:e32939.
    OpenUrl
  13. 13.↵
    1. Kueper JK,
    2. Terry A,
    3. Bahniwal R,
    4. et al
    . Connecting artificial intelligence and primary care challenges: findings from a multi stakeholder collaborative consultation. BMJ Heal Care Informatics 2022;29:e100493.
    OpenUrl
  14. 14.↵
    1. Liyanage H,
    2. Liaw S-T,
    3. Jonnagaddala J,
    4. et al
    . Artificial intelligence in primary health care: perceptions, issues, and challenges. Yearb Med Inform 2019;28:41–6.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  15. 15.↵
    1. Castagno S,
    2. Khalifa M
    . Perceptions of artificial intelligence among healthcare staff: a qualitative survey study. Front Artif Intell 2020;3:578983.
    OpenUrl
  16. 16.↵
    1. Blease C,
    2. Kaptchuk TJ,
    3. Bernstein MH,
    4. et al
    . Artificial intelligence and the future of primary care: exploratory qualitative study of UK general practitioners’ views. J Med Internet Res 2019;21:e12802.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  17. 17.↵
    1. Sandelowski M,
    2. Sandelowski M
    . Focus on research methods: whatever happened to qualitative description? Res Nurs Health 2000;23:334–40.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  18. 18.↵
    1. Sandelowski M
    . What’s in a name? Qualitative description revisited. Res Nurs Health 2010;33:77–84.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  19. 19.↵
    1. Tong A,
    2. Sainsbury P,
    3. Craig J
    . Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care 2007;19:349–57.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  20. 20.↵
    1. Rayner J,
    2. Muldoon L,
    3. Bayoumi I,
    4. et al
    . Delivering primary health care as envisioned: a model of health and well-being guiding community-governed primary care organizations. J Integr Care (Brighton) 2018;26:231–41.
    OpenUrl
  21. 21.↵
    1. Nash DM,
    2. Rayner J,
    3. Bhatti S,
    4. et al
    . The Alliance for Healthier Communities’ journey to a learning health system in primary care. Learn Heal Syst 2022;7:e10321.
    OpenUrl
  22. 22.↵
    1. Liamputtong P
    . Qualitative research methods. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2013.
  23. 23.↵
    1. Braun V,
    2. Clarke V
    . Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol 2006;3:77–101.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  24. 24.↵
    1. Morse JM
    . The significance of saturation. Qual Health Res 1995;5:147–9.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  25. 25.↵
    1. Saunders B,
    2. Sim J,
    3. Kingstone T,
    4. et al
    . Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization. Qual Quant 2018;52:1893–907.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  26. 26.↵
    1. Guba EG
    . Criteria for assessing the trustworthiness of naturalistic inquiries. JSTOR 1981;29:75–91.
    OpenUrl
  27. 27.↵
    1. Watt D
    . On becoming a qualitative researcher: the value of reflexivity. Qual Rep 2007;12:82–101.
    OpenUrl
  28. 28.↵
    1. Ford E,
    2. Edelman N,
    3. Somers L,
    4. et al
    . Barriers and facilitators to the adoption of electronic clinical decision support systems: a qualitative interview study with UK general practitioners. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2021;21:193.
    OpenUrl
  29. 29.↵
    Amii [Internet]. Amii launches ML Foundations 1 & 2: one-day workshops for high-level applied ML; 2022. [Accessed 12 May 2022]. Available from: https://www.amii.ca/latest-from-amii/ml-foundations/.
  30. 30.↵
    Canada Health Infoway [Internet]. AI Toolkit; 2022, [Accessed 12 May 2022]. Available from: https://www.infoway-inforoute.ca/en/digital-health-initiatives/innovative-technologies/artificial-intelligence/ai-toolkit.
  31. 31.↵
    The Michener Institute [Internet]. Artificial intelligence in health care certificate program; 2022, [Accessed 12 May 2022]. Available from: https://michener.ca/ce_course/artificial-intelligence-health-care-certificate-program/.
  32. 32.↵
    1. Petkus H,
    2. Hoogewerf J,
    3. Wyatt JC
    . What do senior physicians think about AI and clinical decision support systems: quantitative and qualitative analysis of data from specialty societies. Clin Med (Lond) 2020;20:324–8.
    OpenUrl
  33. 33.↵
    1. Wiens J,
    2. Saria S,
    3. Sendak M,
    4. et al
    . Do no harm: a roadmap for responsible machine learning for health care. Nat Med 2019;25:1337–40.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  34. 34.↵
    1. Thuraisingam S,
    2. Chondros P,
    3. Dowsey MM,
    4. et al
    . Assessing the suitability of general practice electronic health records for clinical prediction model development: a data quality assessment. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2021;21:297.
    OpenUrl
  35. 35.↵
    1. Buck C,
    2. Doctor E,
    3. Hennrich J,
    4. et al
    . General practitioners’ attitudes toward artificial intelligence–enabled systems: interview study. J Med Internet Res 2022;24:e28916.
    OpenUrl
  36. 36.↵
    1. Paprica PA,
    2. de Melo MN,
    3. Schull MJ
    . Social licence and the general public’s attitudes toward research based on linked administrative health data: a qualitative study. CMAJ Open 2019;7:E40–E46.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

The Journal of the American Board of Family     Medicine: 36 (2)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 36, Issue 2
March/April 2023
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Cover (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Back Matter (PDF)
  • Front Matter (PDF)
Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Board of Family Medicine.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence Use in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study with Providers and Staff of Ontario Community Health Centres
(Your Name) has sent you a message from American Board of Family Medicine
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Board of Family Medicine web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
11 + 2 =
Solve this simple math problem and enter the result. E.g. for 1+3, enter 4.
Citation Tools
Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence Use in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study with Providers and Staff of Ontario Community Health Centres
Danielle M. Nash, Cathy Thorpe, Judith Belle Brown, Jacqueline K. Kueper, Jennifer Rayner, Daniel J. Lizotte, Amanda L. Terry, Merrick Zwarenstein
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Apr 2023, 36 (2) 221-228; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.220177R2

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence Use in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study with Providers and Staff of Ontario Community Health Centres
Danielle M. Nash, Cathy Thorpe, Judith Belle Brown, Jacqueline K. Kueper, Jennifer Rayner, Daniel J. Lizotte, Amanda L. Terry, Merrick Zwarenstein
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Apr 2023, 36 (2) 221-228; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.220177R2
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Conclusions
    • Notes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • Research Representing the Changing Landscape of Family Medicine
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Evaluating Pragmatism of Lung Cancer Screening Randomized Trials with the PRECIS-2 Tool
  • Regional Variation in Scope of Practice by Family Physicians
  • Successful Implementation of Integrated Behavioral Health
Show more Original Research

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Canada
  • Family Medicine
  • Informatics
  • Qualitative Research

Navigate

  • Home
  • Current Issue
  • Past Issues

Authors & Reviewers

  • Info For Authors
  • Info For Reviewers
  • Submit A Manuscript/Review

Other Services

  • Get Email Alerts
  • Classifieds
  • Reprints and Permissions

Other Resources

  • Forms
  • Contact Us
  • ABFM News

© 2025 American Board of Family Medicine

Powered by HighWire