Research ArticleOriginal Research

Relational Continuity, Physician Payment, and Team-Based Primary Care in the Canadian Health Care System

Tara Kiran, Michael E. Green, Li Bai, Lidija Latifovic, Shahriar Khan, Alex Kopp, Eliot Frymire and Richard H. Glazier
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine February 2023, 36 (1) 130-141; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2022.220235R1

References

  1. 1.↵
    1. Coleman K,
    2. Wagner E,
    3. Schaefer J,
    4. Reid R,
    5. LeRoy L
    . Redefining primary care for the 21st century. White paper. Prepared by Abt Associates, in partnership with the MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation and Bailit Health Purchasing, Cambridge, MA under Contract No.290-2010-00004-I/290-32009-T. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; October 2016. AHRQ Publication No 16(17)-0022-EF.
  2. 2.↵
    1. Waibel S,
    2. Henao D,
    3. Aller MB,
    4. Vargas I,
    5. Vázquez ML
    . What do we know about patients' perceptions of continuity of care? A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. Int J Qual Health Care 2012;24:39–48.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  3. 3.↵
    1. Kearley KE,
    2. Freeman GK,
    3. Heath A
    . An exploration of the value of the personal doctor-patient relationship in general practice. Br J Gen Pract 2001;51:712–8.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  4. 4.↵
    1. Nowak DA,
    2. Sheikhan NY,
    3. Naidu SC,
    4. Kuluski K,
    5. Upshur REG
    . Why does continuity of care with family doctors matter? Review and qualitative synthesis of patient and physician perspectives. Can Fam Physician 2021;67:679–88.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  5. 5.↵
    1. Guthrie B,
    2. Wyke S
    . Personal continuity and access in UK general practice: a qualitative study of general practitioners' and patients' perceptions of when and how they matter. BMC Fam Pract 2006;7:11.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  6. 6.↵
    1. Jackson J,
    2. MacKean G,
    3. Cooke T,
    4. Lahtinen M
    . Patient and provider experiences with relationship, information, and management continuity. Patient Experience J 2017;4:38–47.
    OpenUrl
  7. 7.↵
    Committee GPS [Internet]. Evidence summary 2017—benefits of relational continuity in primary care; 2017 [Accessed June 2022]. Available from: https://gpscbc.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/Evidence%20Summary%202017%20-%20Benefits%20of%20Relational%20Continuity%20in%20Primary%20Care%20%28ID%20149216%29.pdf.
  8. 8.↵
    1. van Walraven C,
    2. Oake N,
    3. Jennings A,
    4. Forster AJ
    . The association between continuity of care and outcomes: a systematic and critical review. J Eval Clin Pract 2010;16:947–56.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  9. 9.↵
    1. Chen HM,
    2. Tu YH,
    3. Chen CM
    . Effect of continuity of care on quality of life in older adults with chronic diseases: a meta-analysis. Clin Nurs Res 2017;26:266–84.
    OpenUrl
  10. 10.↵
    1. Kim MY,
    2. Kim JH,
    3. Choi IK,
    4. Hwang IH,
    5. Kim SY
    . Effects of having usual source of care on preventive services and chronic disease control: a systematic review. Korean J Fam Med 2012;33:336–45.
    OpenUrl
  11. 11.↵
    1. Dossa AR,
    2. Moisan J,
    3. Guénette L,
    4. Lauzier S,
    5. Grégoire JP
    . Association between interpersonal continuity of care and medication adherence in type 2 diabetes: an observational cohort study. CMAJ Open 2017;5:E359–64.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  12. 12.↵
    1. Warren JR,
    2. Falster MO,
    3. Tran B,
    4. Jorm L
    . Association of continuity of primary care and statin adherence. PLoS One 2015;10:e0140008.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  13. 13.↵
    1. Hong JS,
    2. Kang HC,
    3. Kim J
    . Continuity of care for elderly patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2010;25:1259–71.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  14. 14.↵
    1. Cunningham C,
    2. Patil T,
    3. Shahid R,
    4. Patel AB,
    5. Oddie S
    . Patient-physician relational continuity and health system utilization among patients in Alberta. Healthc Q 2020;22:13–21.
    OpenUrl
  15. 15.↵
    1. Tammes P,
    2. Purdy S,
    3. Salisbury C,
    4. MacKichan F,
    5. Lasserson D,
    6. Morris RW
    . Continuity of primary care and emergency hospital admissions among older patients in England. Ann Fam Med 2017;15:515–22.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  16. 16.↵
    1. Huntley A,
    2. Lasserson D,
    3. Wye L,
    4. et al
    . Which features of primary care affect unscheduled secondary care use? A systematic review. BMJ Open 2014;4:e004746.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  17. 17.↵
    1. Kohnke H,
    2. Zielinski A
    . Association between continuity of care in Swedish primary care and emergency services utilisation: a population-based cross-sectional study. Scand J Prim Health Care 2017;35:113–9.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  18. 18.↵
    1. Barker I,
    2. Steventon A,
    3. Deeny SR
    . Association between continuity of care in general practice and hospital admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions: cross sectional study of routinely collected, person level data. BMJ 2017;356:j84.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  19. 19.↵
    1. Bazemore A,
    2. Petterson S,
    3. Peterson LE,
    4. Bruno R,
    5. Chung Y,
    6. Phillips RLJ
    . Higher primary care physician continuity is associated with lower costs and hospitalizations. Ann Fam Med 2018;16:492–7.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  20. 20.↵
    1. van Loenen T,
    2. van den Berg MJ,
    3. Westert GP,
    4. Faber MJ
    . Organizational aspects of primary care related to avoidable hospitalization: a systematic review. Fam Pract 2014;31:502–16.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  21. 21.↵
    1. Baker R,
    2. Freeman GK,
    3. Haggerty JL,
    4. Bankart MJ,
    5. Nockels KH
    . Primary medical care continuity and patient mortality: a systematic review. Br J Gen Pract 2020;70:e600–11.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  22. 22.↵
    1. Pereira Gray DJ,
    2. Sidaway-Lee K,
    3. White E,
    4. Thorne A,
    5. Evans PH
    . Continuity of care with doctors—a matter of life and death? A systematic review of continuity of care and mortality. BMJ Open 2018;8:e021161.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  23. 23.↵
    1. Amjad H,
    2. Carmichael D,
    3. Austin AM,
    4. Chang CH,
    5. Bynum JP
    . Continuity of care and health care utilization in older adults with dementia in fee-for-service Medicare. JAMA Intern Med 2016;176:1371–8.
    OpenUrl
  24. 24.↵
    1. Sveréus S,
    2. Larsson K,
    3. Rehnberg C
    . Clinic continuity of care, clinical outcomes and direct costs for COPD in Sweden: a population based cohort study. Eur Clin Respir J 2017;4:1290193.
    OpenUrl
  25. 25.↵
    1. Hetlevik Ø,
    2. Gjesdal S
    . Personal continuity of care in Norwegian general practice: a national cross-sectional study. Scand J Prim Health Care 2012;30:214–21.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  26. 26.↵
    1. Jatrana S,
    2. Crampton P,
    3. Richardson K
    . Continuity of care with general practitioners in New Zealand: results from SoFIE-Primary Care. N Z Med J 2011;124:16–25.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  27. 27.↵
    1. Kristjansson E,
    2. Hogg W,
    3. Dahrouge S,
    4. Tuna M,
    5. Mayo-Bruinsma L,
    6. Gebremichael G
    . Predictors of relational continuity in primary care: patient, provider and practice factors. BMC Fam Pract 2013;14:72.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  28. 28.↵
    1. Sidaway-Lee K,
    2. Gray DP,
    3. Evans P
    . A method for measuring continuity of care in day-to-day general practice: a quantitative analysis of appointment data. Br J Gen Pract 2019;69:e356–62.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  29. 29.↵
    1. Devlin RA,
    2. Hogg W,
    3. Zhong J,
    4. Shortt M,
    5. Dahrouge S,
    6. Russell G
    . Practice size, financial sharing and quality of care. BMC Health Serv Res 2013;13:446.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  30. 30.↵
    1. Guthrie B
    . Continuity in UK general practice: a multilevel model of patient, doctor and practice factors associated with patients seeing their usual doctor. Fam Pract 2002;19:496–9.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  31. 31.↵
    1. Mittelstaedt TS,
    2. Mori M,
    3. Lambert WE,
    4. Saultz JW
    . Provider practice characteristics that promote interpersonal continuity. J Am Board Fam Med 2013;26:356–65.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  32. 32.↵
    1. Phillips RL Jr..,
    2. McCauley LA,
    3. Koller CF
    . Implementing high-quality primary care: a report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. JAMA 2021;325:2437–8.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  33. 33.↵
    1. Marchildon GP,
    2. Hutchison B
    . Primary care in Ontario, Canada: new proposals after 15 years of reform. Health Policy 2016;120:732–8.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  34. 34.↵
    1. Kiran T,
    2. Kopp A,
    3. Moineddin R,
    4. Glazier RH
    . Longitudinal evaluation of physician payment reform and team-based care for chronic disease management and prevention. CMAJ 2015;187:E494–e502.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  35. 35.↵
    1. Glazier RH,
    2. Zagorski BM,
    3. Rayner J
    [Internet]. Comparison of primary care models in Ontario by demographics, case mix and emergency department use, 2008/09 to 2009/10; 2012 [Accessed June 2022]. Available from: https://www.ices.on.ca/Publications/Atlases-and-Reports/2012/Comparison-of-Primary-Care-Models.
  36. 36.↵
    1. Kiran T,
    2. Kopp A,
    3. Glazier RH
    . Those left behind from voluntary medical home reforms in Ontario, Canada. Ann Fam Med 2016;14:517–25.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  37. 37.↵
    Health System Indicators (Canadian Institute for Health Information) [Internet]. Statistics Canada; 2016 [Accessed September 2022]. Available from: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/catalogue/92-154-X.
  38. 38.↵
    1. Kralj B
    [Internet]. Measuring rurality—RIO 2008_BASIC: methodology and results; 2013. Available from: https://policycommons.net/artifacts/1227502/measuring-rurality/1780574/.
  39. 39.↵
    1. Orueta JF,
    2. Lopez-De-Munain J,
    3. Báez K,
    4. Aiarzaguena JM,
    5. Aranguren JI,
    6. Pedrero E
    . Application of the ambulatory care groups in the primary care of a European national health care system: does it work? Med Care 1999;37:238–48.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  40. 40.↵
    1. Starfield B,
    2. Weiner J,
    3. Mumford L,
    4. Steinwachs D
    . Ambulatory care groups: a categorization of diagnoses for research and management. Health Serv Res 1991;26:53–74.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
  41. 41.↵
    1. Weiner JP,
    2. Starfield BH,
    3. Lieberman RN
    . Johns Hopkins ambulatory care groups (ACGs). A case-mix system for UR, QA and capitation adjustment. HMO Pract 1992;6:13–9.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  42. 42.↵
    1. Breslau N,
    2. Haug MR
    . Service delivery structure and continuity of care: a case study of a pediatric practice in process of reorganization. J Health Soc Behav 1976;17:339–52.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  43. 43.↵
    1. Hutchison B,
    2. Glazier R
    . Ontario's primary care reforms have transformed the local care landscape, but a plan is needed for ongoing improvement. Health Aff (Millwood) 2013;32:695–703.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  44. 44.↵
    1. Hickson GB,
    2. Altemeier WA,
    3. Perrin JM
    . Physician reimbursement by salary or fee-for-service: effect on physician practice behavior in a randomized prospective study. Pediatrics 1987;80:344–50.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
  45. 45.↵
    1. Glazier RH,
    2. Green ME,
    3. Frymire E,
    4. et al
    . Do incentive payments reward the wrong providers? A study of primary care reform in Ontario, Canada. Health Aff (Millwood) 2019;38:624–32.
    OpenUrlPubMed
Back to top

In this issue

Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Email Article
Citation Tools

Jump to section

Keywords