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Research ArticleOriginal Research

Comparison of In-Person vs. Video Directly Observed Therapy (VDOT) on Stigma Levels in Tuberculosis Patients

Gokce Celik Kara and Bektas Murat Yalcin
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine October 2022, 35 (5) 951-960; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2022.05.210514
Gokce Celik Kara
From Department of Family Practice, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey (GCK, BMY).
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Bektas Murat Yalcin
From Department of Family Practice, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey (GCK, BMY).
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Article Figures & Data

Tables

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    Table 1.

    The Sociodemographic Features of the Participants and Comparison of Them Between VDOT and DOT Groups

    Main Study Population (N = 82)VDOT (n = 52)DOT (n = 30)P Value
    Age (years, mean)53.21 ± 12.747.03 ± 18.855.2 ± 14.8P = .04
    Gender
     Male44 (53.6%)26 (50%)18 (60%)P = .260
     Female38 (39.0%)26 (50%)12 (40%)
    Marital Status
     Married64 (78.0%)36 (69.2%)28 (93.3%)P = .037
     Single16 (18.1%)14 (26.9%)2 (6.7%)
     Widowed/Divorced2 (2.2%)2 (3.8%)0 (0%)
    Educational Status
     Literate22 (26.8%)16 (30.8%)6 (20.0%)P = .005
     Primary school34 (41.4%)26 (50.0%)8 (26.7%)
     High school10 (12.1%)2 (3.8%)8 (26.7%)
     University16 (19.5%)8 (15.4%)8 (26.7%)
    Family Type
     Nucleus66 (80.4%)38 (73.1%)28 (93.3%)P = .017
     Extended12 (14.6%)12 (23.1%)0
     Broken4 (4.8%)2 (3.8%)2 (6.7%)
    Income**
     <Minimum Wage25 (30.4%)19 (42.3%)6 (20%)P = .072
     Minimum Wage14 (17.0%)7 (3.8%)7 (0%)
     >Minimum Wage43 (52.4%)26 (53.8%)17 (80%)
    Employment
     Yes28 (34.1%)14 (26.9%)14 (46.7%)P = .058
     No54 (65.8%)38 (73.1)16 (53.9%)
    Social Insurance
     Yes64 (78.0%)36 (69.2%)28 (93.3%)P = .009
     No18 (22.05)16 (30.8%)2 (6.7%)
    Smoking Status
     Smoker22 (26.8%)12 (23.1%)10 (33.3%)P = .561
     Non-smoker38 (46.3%)26 (50.0%)12 (40.0%)
     Ex-smoker22 (26.85)14 (26.9%)8 (26.7)
    Alcohol Status (drinking regularly)
     Yes6 (7.3%)4 (7.7%)2 (6.7%)P = .617
     No76 (92.6%)48 (92.3%)28 (93.3%)
    • Abbreviations: VDOT, video observed therapy; DOT, directly observed therapy.

    • ↵** $US 400.00 per month.

    • View popup
    Table 2.

    The Disease Features of the Study Group and Comparison of Them Between VDOT and DOT Groups

    VariableMain Study Population (N = 82)VDOT (n = 52)DOT (n = 30)P Value
    Disease Status
     Newly Diagnosed76 (92.6)48 (92.3%)28 (93.3%)P = .210
     Recurrence6 (7.3)4 (7.6%)2 (6.7%)
    TB location
     Lung60 (73.1)36 (69.2%)24 (73.3%)P = .487
     Other than lung22 (26.8)16 (30.8%)6 (26.7%)
    TB duration (months)
     0 to 232 (39.0)18 (34.6%)14 (46.7%)P = .556
     3 to 636 (43.9)24 (46.2%)12 (40.0%)
     6 to 1212 (14.6)8 (15.4%)4 (13.3%)
     >122 (2.4)2 (3.8%)0 (0%)
    Any other TB patients among 1st/2nd degree relatives?
     Yes24 (29.2)18 (34.6%)6 (20.0%)P = .124
     No58 (70.7)34 (65.4%)24 (80%)
    Chronic disease (Yes)
     Diabetes Mellitus22 (26.8%)12 (23.1%)10 (33.3%)P = .225
     Cardiovascular Disease28 (34.1%)16 (30.8%)12 (40.0%)P = .271
     GIS9 (10.9%)6 (11.5%)3 (10%)P = .374
     Rheumatic diseases16 (19.5%)8 (15.4%)8 (26.7%)P = .170
     Infectious Diseases8 (9.7%)5 (9.6%)3 (10%)P = .125
    • Abbreviations: VDOT, video observed therapy; DOT, directly observed therapy; TB, tuberculosis; GIS, Geographic Information Systems.

    • View popup
    Table 3.

    The Mean SSTB and Subdimension Scores in the Main Study Group and Comparison of Them Between VDOT and DOT Groups

    VariableMain Study Population (N = 82)VDOT (n = 52)DOT (n = 32)P Value
    Total SSTB score88.21 ± 12.881.69 ± 13.5888.69 ± 8.40.06
    Perceived stigma36.1 ± 3.733.3 ± 6.0536.13 ± 3.20.008
    Internalized stigma23.7 ± 2.218.15 ± 2.723.13 ± 3.1<0.001
    Self-perception22.0 ± 2.516.5 ± 2.822.0 ± 2.5<0.001
    Family/friends relationship18.1 ± 2.312.5 ± 3.3<0.001
    • Abbreviations: VDOT, video observed therapy; DOT, directly observed therapy; SSTB, stigmata scale in patients with tuberculosis.

    • View popup
    Table 4.

    The Linear Regression Model Predicting Variables Affecting Total SSTB Scores

    Predictor VariableB (95% CI)tP ValueRR2F (p)
    Age−0.087 (−0.237/0.062)−1.1620.2490.3640.1323.962 (0.011)
    Male gender−5.263 (−10.473/−0.052)0.048
    VDOT*−8.186 (−13.720/−2.652)−2.2950.004
    • Abbreviations: SSTB, Stigmata Scale in Patients with Tuberculosis; CI, confidence interval; VDOT, video observed therapy.

    • View popup
    Table 5.

    The Linear Regression Model Predicting Variables Affecting SSTB Perceived Stigma Scores

    Predictor VariableB (95% CI)tP ValueRR2F (p)
    Age−0.074 (−0.137/0.011)−2.3370.0220.4080.1675.195 (0.003)
    Male gender−5.263 (−10.473/−0.052)−2.0110.048
    VDOT*−8.186 (−13.720/−2.652)−2.2950.004
    • Abbreviations: SSTB, Stigmata Scale in Patients with Tuberculosis; CI, confidence interval; VDOT, video observed therapy.

    • View popup
    Table 6.

    The Linear Regression Model Predicting Variables Affecting SSTB Internalized Stigma Subdimension Scores

    Predictor VariableB (95% CI)tP ValueRR2F (p)
    Age−0.032 (−0.068/0.005)−1.7340.0870.6640.44120.488 (<0.001)
    Male gender−0.133 (−1.401/−1.134)−0.2090.835
    VDOT*−7.818 (−6.633/−3.941)−8.456<0.001
    • Abbreviations: SSTB, Stigmata Scale in Patients with Tuberculosis; CI, confidence interval; VDOT, video observed therapy.

    • View popup
    Table 7.

    The Linear Regression Model Predicting Variables Affecting SSTB Self-Perception Stigma Subdimension Scores

    Predictor VariableB (95% CI)tP ValueRR2F (p)
    Age−0.003 (−0.032/0.038)−1.1860.8530.7030.4943.962 (0.011)
    Male gender−0.551 (−1.774/−0.672)−0.8970.373
    VDOT*−5.518 (−6.817/−4.219)−8.456<0.001
    • Abbreviations: SSTB, Stigmata Scale in Patients with Tuberculosis; CI, confidence interval; VDOT, video observed therapy.

    • View popup
    Table 8.

    The Linear Regression Model Predicting Variables Affecting SSTB Family/Friend’s Stigma Subdimension Scores

    Predictor VariableB (95% CI)tP ValueRR2F (p)
    Age−0.017 (−0.032/0.038)0.8660.8530.6780.45922.072 (<0.001)
    Male gender−0.601 (−1.949/0.748)−0.8870.373
    VDOT*−5.530 (−6.963/−4.098)−7.687<0.001
    • Abbreviations: SSTB, Stigmata Scale in Patients with Tuberculosis; CI, confidence interval; VDOT, video observed therapy.

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The Journal of the American Board of Family     Medicine: 35 (5)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 35, Issue 5
September/October 2022
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Comparison of In-Person vs. Video Directly Observed Therapy (VDOT) on Stigma Levels in Tuberculosis Patients
Gokce Celik Kara, Bektas Murat Yalcin
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Oct 2022, 35 (5) 951-960; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.05.210514

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Comparison of In-Person vs. Video Directly Observed Therapy (VDOT) on Stigma Levels in Tuberculosis Patients
Gokce Celik Kara, Bektas Murat Yalcin
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Oct 2022, 35 (5) 951-960; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.05.210514
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  • Directly Observed Therapy
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