Content Analysis of Transportation Screening Questions in Social Risk Assessment Tools: Are We Capturing Transportation Insecurity?

Na'amah Razon; Laura Gottlieb

doi:10.3122/jabfm.2022.02.210256

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Figure 1.
Extraction of Transportation Screening Tools

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Table 1.

Transportation Screeners

Screener	Question	Response	Domain
AAFP Social Needs Screening Tool²⁰	In the past 12 months, has lack of transportation kept you from medical appointments, meetings, work or from getting things needed for daily living?	Yes, it has kept me from medical appointments or getting medications Yes, it has kept me from non-medical meetings, appointments, work, or getting things that I need No	Medical Pharmacy Daily living
Accountable Health Communities Health Related Social Needs Screening Tool²¹	In the past 12 months, has lack of reliable transportation kept you from medical appointments, meetings, work or from getting things needed for daily living?	Yes/no	Medical Daily living
Arlington Screening Tool¹⁹	Do you have trouble finding or paying for a ride (or any form of transportation)?	Yes/no	Non-medical
Boston Medical Center- Thrive Screening Tool²²	Do you have trouble getting transportation to medical appointments Would you like help connecting to resources?	Yes/no [transportation to medical appointments as one option]	Medical
HealthBegins -Upstream Risk Screening Tool²³	How often is it difficult to get transportation to or from your medical or follow-up appointments?	Does not apply Never Sometimes Often Always	Medical
Health Leads Social Needs Screening Toolkit²⁴	In the past 12 months, have you ever had to go without health care because you didn't have a way to get there?	Yes/no	Medical
North Carolina Medicaid Screening Tool²⁵	Within the past 12 months, has a lack of transportation kept you from medical appointments or from doing things needed for daily living?	Yes/No	Medical Daily living
PRAPARE²⁶	Has lack of transportation kept you from medical appointments, meetings, work, or from getting things needed for daily living?	Yes, it has kept me from medical appointments Yes, it has kept me from non-medical meetings, appointments, work, or from getting things that I need No I choose not to answer this question	Medical Daily living
WellRx Toolkit¹⁸	Do you have trouble finding or paying for a ride?	Yes/No	Non-medical Cost
Kaiser Permanente's Your Current Life Situation Survey²⁷	In the past 3 months, did you have trouble paying for any of the following? (Select all that apply, transportation being an option) Has lack of transportation kept you from medical appointments or from doing things needed for daily living? Which of the following would you like to receive help with at this time? (select ALL that apply) How hard is it to get your medications and medical supplies when you need them?	Select all that apply (transportation being an option) Available responses: Kept me from medical appointments or from getting medications Kept me from doing things needed for daily living Not a problem for me Transportation as one of options Not at all hard, somewhat hard, very hard	Medical Pharmacy Daily living Cost
HelpSteps²⁸	In the past 12 months, has lack of transportation kept you from medical appointments, meetings, work or from getting things needed for daily living	Yes/No	Medical Daily living
Partners in Health Survey Instrument¹⁵	Owns a car Easy or hard to get around	Yes/no Very easy-very hard	Non-medical Car ownership Experience of transportation
Urban Life Stressors Survey¹⁶	Transportation as a cause of stress	Likert scale 1 to 5 with 1 indicating no stress and 5 extreme stress	Non-medical Experience of transportation
Social Needs Checklist¹⁷	Any difficulties with or problems with [transportation as one of domains]	Likert scale 1 (not at all), 2 (some), 3 (a great deal)	Non-medical Experience of transportation