Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Early pregnancy loss (EPL) care in New York federally-qualified health centers (FQHCs).
Tables
Characteristic N (%) Site type Primary care 58 (92.1) Reproductive health or OB/GYN* 4 (6.3) Multi-specialty health center* 1 (1.6) Urbanicity (n = 61) Urban 47 (77.0) Suburban 6 (9.8) Rural 8 (13.1) Types of clinicians that provide prenatal care at each site (n = 62)† Advanced-practice clinician (nurse practitioner, physician assistant, midwife) 49 (79.0) Family physicians 44 (71.0) OB/GYN 36 (58.1) EPL care provision Expectant management 56 (88.9) Medication management 34 (53.9) Uterine aspiration 15 (23.8) None 7 (11.1) Site sees patients who present with suspected EPL 55 (87.3) Site has regular access to ultrasound 30 (47.6) EPL, early pregnancy loss; FQHC, Federally-Qualified Health Center; OB/Gyn, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
↵* These sites selected “other site type, please specify” on the survey and self-identified. The research team categorized responses accordingly.
↵† These categories are not mutually exclusive. Respondents may have selected multiple options.
Reasons Why Care Was Not Provided* Expectant Management (n = 7) Medication Management (n = 29) Uterine Aspiration (n = 48) Lack of clinical infrastructure to support care 71.4% 62.1% 66.7% Medication not stocked/no supplies N/A 65.5% 60.4% No ultrasound access 71.4% 62.1% 45.8% Automatically refer out for this care 62.1% 48.3% 58.3% No clinician trained in EPL care option 28.6% 55.2% 47.9% No trained ultrasound clinician 28.6% 44.8% 37.5% Malpractice insurance does not cover 28.6% 3.4% 8.3% Too similar to abortion care N/A 3.4% 6.3% Patient population does not present with EPL needs 28.6% 0% 0% EPL, early pregnancy loss; FQHC, Federally-Qualified Health Center.
↵* All barriers shown include prespecified options respondents could select from a list.
- Table 3.
Bivariate Analysis of New York State FQHC Characteristics and EPL Management Provision
Characteristic Effect Size (n, % or Risk Ratio) P or 95% CI 2+ EPL Management Options Provided (n = 35) 0 to 1 EPL Management Options Provided (n = 28) Urbanicity* Urban 25 (75.8%) 22 (78.6%) 0.82 Suburban 4 (12.1%) 2 (7.1%) — Rural 4 (12.1%) 4 (14.3%) — OB/GYN providing prenatal care RR = 1.26 — 0.80-1.97 Regular access to ultrasound RR = 7.20 — 2.43-21.29 Uterine Aspiration (n = 15) No Uterine Aspiration Provided (n = 48) Urbanicity* Urban 9 (69.2%) 38 (79.2%) 0.48 Suburban 1 (7.7%) 5 (10.4%) — Rural 3 (23.1%) 5 (10.4%) — OB/GYN providing prenatal care RR = 0.77 — 0.43-1.39 Regular access to ultrasound RR = 1.85 — 1.16-2.95 CI, confidence interval; EPL, early pregnancy loss; FQHC, Federally-Qualified Health Center; OB/Gyn, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
↵* Fisher’s Exact Test used for urbanicity, missing values = 2.
