Research ArticleOriginal Research

Changing Pharmaceutical Industry Interaction in US Family Medicine Residencies: A CERA Study

Steven R. Brown and Adriane Fugh-Berman
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine January 2021, 34 (1) 105-112; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2021.01.200287

References

  1. 1.↵
    Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Principles to guide the relationship between graduate medical education, industry, and other funding sources. October 2011. Available from: https://www.acgme.org/Portals/0/PFAssets/PublicationsPapers/GME-Funding-Industry-Other-Sources.pdf Accessed February 23, 2020.
  2. 2.↵
    1. Austad KE,
    2. Avorn J,
    3. Franklin JM,
    4. Kowal MK,
    5. Campbell EG,
    6. Kesselheim AS
    . Changing interactions between physician trainees and the pharmaceutical industry: a national survey. J Gen Intern Med 2013;28:1064–71.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  3. 3.↵
    1. Loertscher LL,
    2. Halvorsen AJ,
    3. Beasley BW,
    4. Holmboe ES,
    5. Kolars JC,
    6. McDonald FSP
    . Pharmaceutical industry support and residency education: a survey of internal medicine program directors. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:356–62.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  4. 4.↵
    1. Nakayama DK,
    2. Bozeman AP
    . Industry support of graduate medical education in surgery. Am Surg 2009;75:395–400.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  5. 5.↵
    1. Wang Y,
    2. Adelman RA
    . A study of interactions between pharmaceutical representatives and ophthalmology trainees. Am J Ophthalmol 2009;148:619–22.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  6. 6.↵
    1. Austad KE,
    2. Avorn J,
    3. Franklin JM,
    4. Campbell EG,
    5. Kesselheim AS
    . Association of marketing interactions with medical trainees’ knowledge about evidence-based prescribing: results from a national survey. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174:1283–90.
    OpenUrl
  7. 7.↵
    1. Zipkin DA,
    2. Steinman MA
    . Interactions between pharmaceutical representatives and doctors in training. a thematic review. J Gen Intern Med 2005;20:777–86.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  8. 8.↵
    1. Marshall DC,
    2. Jackson ME,
    3. Hattangadi-Gluth JA
    . Disclosure of industry payments to physicians: An epidemiologic analysis of early data from the open payments program. Mayo Clin Proc 2016;91:84–96.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  9. 9.↵
    1. Parikh K,
    2. Fleischman W,
    3. Agrawal S
    . Industry relationships with pediatricians: findings from the open payments Sunshine Act. Pediatrics 2016;137:e20154440–e20154440.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  10. 10.↵
    1. Campbell EG,
    2. Rao SR,
    3. DesRoches CM,
    4. et al
    . Physician professionalism and changes in physician-industry relationships from 2004 to 2009. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:1820–6.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  11. 11.↵
    1. Fickweiler F,
    2. Fickweiler W,
    3. Urbach E
    . Interactions between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry generally and sales representatives specifically and their association with physicians’ attitudes and prescribing habits: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2017;7:e016408.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  12. 12.↵
    1. DeJong C,
    2. Aguilar T,
    3. Tseng CW,
    4. Lin GA,
    5. Boscardin WJ,
    6. Dudley RA
    . Pharmaceutical industry-sponsored meals and physician prescribing patterns for Medicare beneficiaries. JAMA Intern Med 2016;176:1114–22.
    OpenUrl
  13. 13.↵
    1. Wazana A
    . Physicians and the pharmaceutical industry: is a gift ever just a gift? JAMA 2000;283:373–80.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  14. 14.↵
    1. Dana J,
    2. Loewenstein G
    . A social science perspective on gifts to physicians from industry. JAMA 2003;290:252–5.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  15. 15.↵
    1. Brunt CS
    . Physician characteristics, industry transfers, and pharmaceutical prescribing: empirical evidence from Medicare and the physician payment sunshine act. Health Serv Res 2019;54:636–49.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  16. 16.↵
    1. Yeh JS,
    2. Franklin JM,
    3. Avorn J,
    4. Landon J,
    5. Kesselheim AS
    . Association of industry payments to physicians with the prescribing of brand-name statins in Massachusetts. JAMA Intern Med 2016;176:763–8.
    OpenUrl
  17. 17.↵
    1. Perlis RH,
    2. Perlis CS
    . Physician payments from industry are associated with greater Medicare Part D prescribing costs. PLoS One 2016;11:e0155474.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  18. 18.↵
    1. Wood SF,
    2. Podrasky J,
    3. McMonagle MA,
    4. et al
    . Influence of pharmaceutical marketing on Medicare prescriptions in the District of Columbia. PLoS One 2017;12:e0186060.
    OpenUrl
  19. 19.↵
    1. Adair RF,
    2. Holmgren LR
    . Do drug samples influence resident prescribing behavior? A randomized controlled trial. Am J Med 2005;118:881–4.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  20. 20.↵
    1. Chew LD,
    2. O’Young TS,
    3. Hazlet TK,
    4. Radley KA,
    5. Maynard C,
    6. Lessler DS
    . A physician survey of the effect of drug sample availability on physicians’ behavior. J Gen Intern Med 2000;15:478–83.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  21. 21.↵
    1. Brewer D
    . The effect of drug sampling policies on residents prescribing. Fam Med 1998;30:482–6.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  22. 22.↵
    1. Boltri JM,
    2. Gordon ER,
    3. Vogel RL
    . Effect of anti- hypertensive samples on physician prescribing patterns. Fam Med 2002;34:729–31.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
  23. 23.↵
    1. Patel SV,
    2. Klingel M,
    3. Sonoda T
    . An assessment of the industry-faculty surgeon relationship within colon and rectum surgical training programs. J Surg Educ 2016;73:595–9.
    OpenUrl
  24. 24.↵
    1. Montague BT,
    2. Fortin AH 6th.,
    3. Rosenbaum JA
    . systematic review of curricula on relationships between residents and the pharmaceutical industry. Med Educ 2008;42:301–8.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  25. 25.↵
    1. Evans DV,
    2. Waters RC,
    3. Olsen C,
    4. Stephens MB,
    5. Brown SR
    . Residency curricula on physician-pharmaceutical industry interaction: A CERA study. Fam Med 2016;48:44–8.
    OpenUrl
  26. 26.↵
    1. Brennan TA,
    2. Rothman DJ,
    3. Blank L,
    4. et al
    . Health industry practices that create conflicts of interest: a policy proposal for academic medical centers. JAMA 2006;295:429–33.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  27. 27.↵
    Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Conflict of interest in medical research, education, and practice. 2009. Available from: http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/Reports/2009/Conflict-of-Interest-in-Medical-Research-Education-and-Practice.aspx. Accessed February 24, 2020.
  28. 28.↵
    Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation. Continuing education in the health professions: improving healthcare through lifelong learning. 2008. Available from: https://macyfoundation.org/assets/reports/publications/macy_conted_1_7_08.pdf. Accessed February 24, 2020.
  29. 29.↵
    Association of American Medical Colleges. Industry funding of medical education, report of the AAMC Task Force. 2008. Available from: https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/faculty-institutions/report/industry-funding-medical-education. Accessed February 23, 2020.
  30. 30.↵
    1. Agrawal S,
    2. Brennan N,
    3. Budetti P
    . The Sunshine Act—Effects on physicians. N Engl J Med 2013;368:2054–7.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  31. 31.↵
    1. Golestaneh L,
    2. Cowan E
    . Hidden conflicts of interest in continuing medical education. Lancet 2017;390:2128–30.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  32. 32.↵
    1. Fugh-Berman A,
    2. Brown SR,
    3. Trippett R,
    4. et al
    . Closing the door on pharma? A national survey of family medicine residencies regarding industry interactions. Acad Med 2011;86:649–54.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  33. 33.↵
    1. Brown SR,
    2. Evans DV,
    3. Fugh-Berman A
    . Pharmaceutical industry interactions in family medicine residencies decreased between 2008 and 2013. Fam Med 2015;47:279–82.
    OpenUrl
  34. 34.↵
    1. Mainous AG,
    2. Seehusen D,
    3. Shokar N
    . CAFM Educational Research Alliance (CERA) 2011 Residency Director Survey: background, methods, and respondent characteristics. Fam Med 2012;44:691–3.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  35. 35.↵
    1. Kesselheim AS,
    2. Woloshin S,
    3. Lu Z,
    4. Tessema FA,
    5. Ross KM,
    6. Schwartz LM
    . Internal medicine physicians’ financial relationships with industry: an updated national estimate. J Gen Intern Med 2019;34:195–7.
    OpenUrl
  36. 36.↵
    1. Sierles FS,
    2. Kessler KH,
    3. Mintz M,
    4. et al
    . Changes in medical students’ exposure to and attitudes about drug company interactions from 2003 to 2012: a multi-institutional follow-up survey. Acad Med 2015;90:1137–46.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  37. 37.↵
    1. King M,
    2. Bearman PS
    . Gifts and influence: conflict of interest policies and prescribing of psychotropic medications in the United States. Soc Sci Med 2017;172:153–62.
    OpenUrl
  38. 38.↵
    American Academy of Family Physicians. Residency Directory. Available from: https://www.aafp.org/medical-education/directory/residency/search. Accessed August 23, 2020.
  39. 39.↵
    1. Carlat DJ,
    2. Fagrelius T,
    3. Ramachandran R,
    4. Ross JS,
    5. Bergh S
    . The updated AMSA scorecard of conflict-of-interest policies: a survey of U.S. medical schools. BMC Med Educ 2016;16:202.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  40. 40.↵
    1. Yeh JS,
    2. Austad KE,
    3. Franklin JM,
    4. et al
    . Medical schools’ industry interaction policies not associated with trainees’ self-reported behavior as residents: Results of a national survey. J Grad Med Educ 2015;7:595–602.
    OpenUrl
  41. 41.↵
    1. Sierles FS,
    2. Brodkey AC,
    3. Cleary LM,
    4. et al
    . Medical students’ exposure to and attitudes about drug company interactions: a national survey. JAMA 2005;294:1034–42.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  42. 42.↵
    1. Steinman MA,
    2. Shlipak MG,
    3. McPhee SJ
    . Of principles and pens: attitudes and practices of medicine house staff toward pharmaceutical industry promotions. Am J Med 2001;110:551–7.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  43. 43.↵
    1. Mintzes B,
    2. Lexchin J,
    3. Sutherland JM,
    4. et al
    . Pharmaceutical sales representatives and patient safety: a comparative prospective study of information quality in Canada, France and the United States. J Gen Intern Med 2013;28:1368–75.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  44. 44.↵
    1. Habibi R,
    2. Lexchin J,
    3. Mintzes B,
    4. Holbrook A
    . Unwarranted claims of drug efficacy in pharmaceutical sales visits: are drugs approved on the basis of surrogate outcomes promoted appropriately? Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017;83:2549–56.
    OpenUrl
  45. 45.↵
    1. Fugh-Berman A,
    2. Ahari S
    . Following the script: how drug reps make friends and influence doctors. PLoS Med 2007;4:e150.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  46. 46.↵
    1. Brody H
    . The company we keep: why physicians should refuse to see pharmaceutical representatives. Ann Fam Med 2005;3:82–5.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  47. 47.↵
    1. Johnson J,
    2. Hutchison K
    . They know how to work it, that’s their focus in life: The complex role of industry representatives in surgical innovation. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2018;13:461–74.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  48. 48.↵
    1. O’Connor B,
    2. Pollner F,
    3. Fugh-Berman A
    . Salespeople in the surgical suite: relationships between surgeons and medical device representatives. PLoS One 2016;11:e0158510.
    OpenUrl
  49. 49.↵
    1. Pollner F,
    2. O’Connor B,
    3. Fugh-Berman A
    . Should medical device representatives assist surgeons? J Eval Clin Pract 2019;25:977–9.
    OpenUrl
Back to top

In this issue

Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Email Article
Citation Tools

Jump to section

Keywords