The Impact on Future Prescribing Patterns of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Education and Waiver Provision During Residency

Article Figures & Data

Table 1.

Demographic and Practice Characteristics of Residency Graduates

Characteristic	Response (n = 48)
Female, n (%)	27 (56.3)
Age in years (SD)	33.1 (2.5)
Years in clinical practice, n (%)
< 2 years	24 (50.0)
≥ 2 years	24 (50.0)
Residency program matriculation, n (%)
Program A	20 (41.7)
Program B	17 (35.4)
Program C	11 (22.9)
Location of current clinical practice (%)
Urban	11 (23.4)
Suburban	17 (36.2)
Rural	19 (40.4)
Unreported	1(0.0)
Setting of current clinical practice (%)
FQHC	11 (22.9)
RHC	2 (4.2)
Private practice	8 (16.7)
Academic setting	11 (22.9)
Hospitalist/urgent care	4 (8.3)
Other	12 (25.0)
Does your practice see a substantial number of uninsured patients? (%)
Yes	28 (59.6)
No	19 (40.4)
Unreported	1 (0.0)

FQHC, federally qualified health center; RHC, rural health clinic; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2.

Comparison of Buprenorphine-Prescribing Practices and Training Needs Across the Graduates of the Three Residency Programs

	Residency Program			Total	P-Value
Variable	A (n = 20)	B (n = 17)	C (n = 11)	(n = 48)	P-Value
Do you have a waiver? n (%)					<.0001
Yes	17 (85.0)	7 (41.2)	0 (0)	24 (50)
If you do not have a waiver, do you want to prescribe buprenorphine-containing medications? n (%)					.01
Yes	1 (33.3)	7 (70.0)	1 (9.1)	9 (37.5)*
If you do have a waiver, have you ever prescribed buprenorphine-containing medications? n (%)					.13
Yes	15 (88.2)	4 (57.1)	N/A	19 (79.2)^†
Is waiver training helpful, prohibitive, or neither? n (%)					.02
Helpful	14 (70.0)	12 (70.6)	4 (36.4)	30 (62.5)
Prohibitive	3 (15.0)	3 (17.7)	0 (0)	6 (12.5)
Neither	3 (15.0)	2 (11.8)	7 (63.6)	12 (25.0)
Do you want more training on opioid use disorder? n (%)					.58
Yes	16 (80.0)	15 (88.2)	8 (72.7)	39 (81.3)
Do you want more training in residency, practice, both, none? n (%)					.03
Residency	3 (15.0)	7 (41.2)	1 (9.1)	11 (22.9)
Practice	9 (45.0)	1 (45.9)	1 (9.1)	11 (22.9)
Both	4 (20.0)	7 (41.2)	6 (54.6)	17 (35.4)
None	4 (20.0)	2 (11.8)	3 (27.3)	9 (18.8)

Table 3.

Clinic Resources and Environment for Office-Based Opioid Treatment

Variable	Residency Program			Total (n = 48)	P-Value
Variable	A (n = 20)	B (n = 17)	C (n = 11)	Total (n = 48)	P-Value
Please check if you have access to the following in your current practice n (%)					N/A
Licensed clinical addiction specialist	6 (30.0)	2 (11.8)	1 (9.1)	9 (18.8)
Board-certified addiction specialist	1 (5.0)	3 (17.7)	0 (0.0)	4 (8.3)
Behavioral health specialist	16 (80.0)	12 (70.6)	6 (54.6)	34 (70.8)
Peer support specialist	6 (30.0)	2 (11.8)	0 (0.0)	8 (16.7)
Pharmacist	14 (70.0)	9 (52.9)	3 (27.3)	26 (54.2)
My practice supports OBOT (7-point Likert scale;1 = strongly agree; 7 = strongly disagree) n (%)					0.10
Agree	15 (75.0)	11 (64.7)	4 (36.4)	30 (62.5)
Neutral or disagree	5 (25.0)	6 (35.3)	7 (63.6)	18 (37.5)
Mean (SD)	2.31 (1.8)	3.13 (2.0)	4.36 (1.7)	3.06 (2.0)	0.01
Do other providers in your practice setting prescribe buprenorphine-containing medications? n (%)					0.02
Yes	14 (70.0)	8 (47.1)	2 (18.2)	24 (50.0)
No	6 (30.0)	8 (47.1)	9 (81.8)	23 (47.9)
Maybe/I don’t know	0 (0.0)	1 (5.9)	0 (0)	1 (2.1)