Article Figures & Data
Tables
Characteristics Total Response, N (%) Gender Female 527 (56.9) Male 400 (43.1) Age, years, mean (SD) 54.63(14.6) Ethnicity and race Non-Hispanic White 581 (62.7) Black/African American 147(15.9) Hispanic, Latino, Spanish origin 142(15.3) Pacific Islander 25 (2.7) Asian 17(1.8) Other 11 (1.2) Education Never attended school or only attended kindergarten 2(0.2) Grades 1 to 8 27(2.9) Grades 9 to 11 146(15.7) Grade 12 or GED 341 (36.8) College years 1 to 3 207 (22.3) College 4 years or more 130 (14.0) Masters 53 (5.7) Doctoral/professional degree 21(2.3) Employment Employed 266 (28.7) Self employed 46 (5.0) Out of work for 1 year or more 25(2.7) Out of work for less than 1 year 7 (0.8) Homemaker 73 (7.9) Student 15 (1.6) Retired 297(32.0) Unable to work 195(21.0) Prefer not to answer 3 (0.3) Income $25000 or less 312(33.7) $26000 to $35,000 105 (11.3) $36000 to $50,000 147 (15.9) $51000 to $75,000 39 (15.0) $76000 to $100,000 76 (8.2) $101000 to $150,000 81 (8.7) $151000 to $200,000 21 (2.3) $201000 or more 15 (1.6) Don’t know/not sure 7(0.8) Prefer not to answer 24(2.6) Marital status Married 441 (47.6) Never married 192 (20.7) Divorced 129 (13.9) Widowed 73 (7.9) A member of an unmarried couple 56 (6.0) Separated 31(3.3) Prefer not to answer 5 (0.5) Self efficacy Mean ± SD (range) 23.04 ± 4.48 (4 to 29) Diabetes type Type 1 95 (10.2) Type 2 832 (89.8) Diabetes treatment Yes 917 (98.9) No 10 (1.1) Family history of diabetes Yes 712 (76.8) No 207 (22.3) Don’t know/not sure 8 (0.9) Diabetes education session in the past Yes 468 (50.5) No 455 (49.1) Prefer not to answer 4 (0.4) Healthcare provider recommended regulardentist visit Yes 380 (41.0) No 532 (57.4) Don’t know/not sure 8 (0.9) Prefer not to answer 7 (0.8) Dental insurance Yes 577 (62.2) No 347 (37.4) Prefer not to answer 3 (0.3) Diabetes and periodontal disease knowledge and understanding scale Mean ± SD (range) 5.79 ± 2.366 (0 to 10) Dentist visit frequency Once a year 200 (21.6) Twice a year 393 (42.4) Once every 2 years 52 (5.6) Only for emergency treatment 69 (7.4) Years ago 53 (5.7) More than 5 years ago 114 (12.3) Never been 18 (1.9) Prefer not to answer 28 (3.0) Brushing frequency Once a day 331 (35.7) More than once a day 487 (52.5) Once/twice a week 59 (6.4) Flossing frequency Never 161 (17.4) Hardly ever 204 (22.0) Once/twice a week 176 (19.0) Once a day 221 (23.8) More than once a day 137 (14.8) Prefer not to answer 28 (3.0) SD, standard deviation; GED, General Equivalency Diploma.
- Table 2.
Adjusted Linear Regression Analysis Predicting Knowledge and Understanding of the Bidirectional Relationship between Diabetes and Periodontal Disease (n = 867)
Variables B SEB P-Value 95% CI Gender (reference, Female) Males −0.038 0.009 .0001‡ −0.054, −0.019 Education (reference, 12th grade or less) Above 12th grade 0.030 0.010 .002† 0.011, 0.049 Income (reference, low) Middle −0.010 0.011 .38 −0.031, 0.012 High 0.026 0.014 .07 −0.002, 0.055 Diabetes treatment (reference, No) Yes 0.109 0.040 .006* 0.031, 0.186 HCP recommend dentist visit (reference, No) Yes 0.036 0.009 .0001‡ 0.018, 0.054 Employment (reference, Employed) Other −0.002 0.010 .82 −0.022, 0.017 Health literacy (reference, Adequate) Marginal/inadequate −0.056 0.011 .0001‡ −0.077, −0.034 Diabetes type (reference, type 2 diabetes) Type 1 diabetes 0.028 0.015 .06 −0.001, 0.057 Marital status (reference, Married) Not married −0.002 0.011 .83 −0.024, 0.019 Previously married −0.002 0.011 .84 −0.024, 0.019 Race/ethnicity (reference, non-Hispanic White) Black or African American 0.046 0.073 .53 −0.097, 0.188 Hispanic/Latino/Spanish origin 0.071 0.073 .33 −0.071, 0.214 Asian 0.081 0.078 .30 −0.072, 0.234 Pacific Islander 0.081 0.077 .29 −0.070, 0.231 Other 0.053 0.082 .52 −0.108, 0.214 Diabetes education session (reference, Yes) No 0.057 0.089 .32 −0.118, 0.233 Diabetes duration 0.004 0.003 .16 −0.002, 0.010 Dental insurance (reference, Yes) No −0.013 0.009 .16 −0.031, 0.005 Smoking status (reference, Yes) No −0.015 0.010 .16 −0.035, 0.006 Family history of diabetes (reference, Yes) No −0.009 0.010 .39 −0.029, 0.011 B, unstandardized regression coefficient; HCP, health care provider; SEB, Standard error of the coefficient.
↵*P < .05; †P < .005; ‡P < .0001.
