Opioid Medications Prescribing and the Pain-Depression Dyad in Primary Care: Analysis of 2014–2015 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) Data

Article Figures & Data

Table 1.

Demographic Characteristics of Primary Care Visits by Patients With Pain-Depression Dyad

	Visits by Patients with Pain-Depression Dyad (N = 6507)
	Yes (N = 975), Weighted %	No (N = 5532), Weighted %	AOR (95% CI)	P-Value
All visits	12.3	81.7
Age, years (%)				.004
17 to 34	9.5	90.5	Reference
35 to 45	12.4	87.6	1.4 (0.9 to 2.1)
46 to 64	14.4	85.6	1.7 (1.2 to 2.4)
65 to 74	12.0	88	1.3 (0.9 to 1.9)
75+	9.4	90.6	0.96 (0.6 to 1.6)
Sex
Male	8.6	91.4	Reference	<.0001
Female	14.3	85.7	2.0 (1.6–2.4)
Race/ethnicity				<.0001
Non-Hispanic white	15.7	84.3	Reference
Non-Hispanic black	5.8	94.2	0.30 (0.21 to 0.44)
Hispanic	8.0	92	0.45 (0.27 to 0.75)
Other	4.5	95.5	0.25 (0.13 to 0.50)

Table 2.

Opioid Medication Prescribing During Primary Care Visits Associated With Pain-Depression Dyad

	Opioid Medication Prescribing		AOR (95% CI)	P-Value
	Yes (N = 1748), Weighted %	No (N = 4759), Weighted %
All visits	26.4	72.6
Pain-depression dyad				<.0001
Yes	39.1	60.9	1.8 (1.4 to 2.4)
No	24.6	75.4	Reference
Age, years		100		.003
17 to 34	18.5	81.5	Reference
35 to 45	26.6	73.4	1.6 (1.04 to 2.4)
46 to 64	31.2	68.8	1.9 (1.3 to 2.9)
65 to 74	24.1	75.9	1.4 (0.8 to 2.3)
75+	23.8	76.2	1.3 (0.8 to 2.3)
Sex				.001
Male	31.2	68.8	1.5 (1.2 to 1.8)
Female	23.7	76.3	Reference
Race/ethnicity				<.0001
Non-Hispanic white	30.8	69.2	Reference
Non-Hispanic black	20.9	79.1	0.6 (0.4 to 0.9)
Hispanic	20.2	79.8	0.6 (0.4 to 0.9)
Other	12.1	87.9	0.3 (0.2 to 0.6)