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Review ArticleClinical Review

Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Patients with a History of Total Joint Replacement

Steven F. DeFroda, Eliza Lamin, Joseph A. Gil, Kunal Sindhu and Scott Ritterman
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine July 2016, 29 (4) 500-507; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2016.04.150386
Steven F. DeFroda
From the Department of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (SFD, JAG, SR); the Department of Urology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Philadelphia (EL); and Department of Orthopaedics Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903 (KS).
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Eliza Lamin
From the Department of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (SFD, JAG, SR); the Department of Urology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Philadelphia (EL); and Department of Orthopaedics Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903 (KS).
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Joseph A. Gil
From the Department of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (SFD, JAG, SR); the Department of Urology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Philadelphia (EL); and Department of Orthopaedics Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903 (KS).
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Kunal Sindhu
From the Department of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (SFD, JAG, SR); the Department of Urology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Philadelphia (EL); and Department of Orthopaedics Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903 (KS).
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Scott Ritterman
From the Department of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (SFD, JAG, SR); the Department of Urology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Philadelphia (EL); and Department of Orthopaedics Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903 (KS).
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    Table 1.

    Summary of Antibiotic Prophylaxis Recommendations2,8,14,16,20,30,31,34

    Type of ProcedureRecommending OrganizationAntibiotics Recommended?Regiment
    UrologicAmerican Urologic AssociationYes, in high-risk patients or procedures16*Fluoroquinolone PO 1–2 hours preoperatively OR ampicillin + gentamicin 30–60 minutes preoperatively
    GastrointestinalAmerican Society of Gastroenterologists/American Society of Colon and Rectal SurgeonsNoN/A
    DentalAmerican Academy of Orthopaedic SurgeonsNo†Cephalexin 2 g PO 1 hour before
    American Dental AssociationNo9,26,31N/A
    CardiacAmerican Heart AssociationPreoperatively for all CIEDs; not recommended before other invasive procedures or postoperatively10Cefazolin 1 hour preoperatively or vancomycin 2 hours preoperatively
    • ↵* Defined by the American Urologic Association as patients within 2 years of their joint replacement; immunocompromised patients; or patients with previous joint infections, malnourishment, hemophilia, HIV infection, diabetes, or malignancy. High-risk procedures include kidney stone manipulation, ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, transrectal prostate biopsy, and bowel manipulation. Other high risks include patients with indwelling catheters, clean intermittent catheterization, urinary retention, recent urinary tract infection, indwelling ureteral stent, or urinary diversion.

    • ↵† Should be addressed on a patient-by-patient basis and incorporate both patient and physician preference as well as the presence of risk factors for infection, such as immunocompromised patients; those with inflammatory arthropathy; immunosuppressed patients; patients with HIV; those with previous joint infection, hemophilia, type 1 diabetes, or malignancy; and patients with a megaprostheses.

    • CIED, cardiac implantable electronic device; N/A, not applicable; PO, by mouth.

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The Journal of the American Board of Family     Medicine: 29 (4)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 29, Issue 4
July-August 2016
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Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Patients with a History of Total Joint Replacement
Steven F. DeFroda, Eliza Lamin, Joseph A. Gil, Kunal Sindhu, Scott Ritterman
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jul 2016, 29 (4) 500-507; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2016.04.150386

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Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Patients with a History of Total Joint Replacement
Steven F. DeFroda, Eliza Lamin, Joseph A. Gil, Kunal Sindhu, Scott Ritterman
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jul 2016, 29 (4) 500-507; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2016.04.150386
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Keywords

  • Antibacterial Agents
  • Antibiotic Prophylaxis
  • Infectious Arthritis
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