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Brief ReportBrief Report

Inaccuracy of ICD-9 Codes for Chronic Kidney Disease: A Study from Two Practice-based Research Networks (PBRNs)

Charlotte W. Cipparone, Matthew Withiam-Leitch, Kim S. Kimminau, Chet H. Fox, Ranjit Singh and Linda Kahn
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine September 2015, 28 (5) 678-682; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2015.05.140136
Charlotte W. Cipparone
the Primary Care Research Institute, Department of Family Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY (CWC, MW-L, CHF, RS, LK); and the Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS (KSK).
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Matthew Withiam-Leitch
the Primary Care Research Institute, Department of Family Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY (CWC, MW-L, CHF, RS, LK); and the Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS (KSK).
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Kim S. Kimminau
the Primary Care Research Institute, Department of Family Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY (CWC, MW-L, CHF, RS, LK); and the Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS (KSK).
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Chet H. Fox
the Primary Care Research Institute, Department of Family Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY (CWC, MW-L, CHF, RS, LK); and the Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS (KSK).
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Ranjit Singh
the Primary Care Research Institute, Department of Family Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY (CWC, MW-L, CHF, RS, LK); and the Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS (KSK).
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Linda Kahn
the Primary Care Research Institute, Department of Family Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY (CWC, MW-L, CHF, RS, LK); and the Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS (KSK).
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Article Figures & Data

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    Table 1. Demographics of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stage 3 Patients at Three Residency Teaching Sites
    CharacteristicTotal Sample (n = 325)Buffalo Practice 1 (n = 109)Buffalo Practice 2 (n = 95)Kansas City Practice (n = 121)
    Female sex56 (182)61 (67)44 (42)60 (73)
    Age (years)
        Mean (SD)66.8 (13.5)67.8 (13.4)63 (12.8)69.1 (13.5)
        Range32–9632–9635–9334–95*
    Race/ethnicity
        Hispanic (any race)3 (11)5 (5)0 (0)5 (6)
        Black68 (222)83 (90)86 (82)41 (50)
        White25 (82)10 (11)14 (13)56 (58)
        American Indian/Alaska Native0 (1)0 (0)0 (0)0.8 (1)
        Asian/unknown/other/decline to answer5 (15)3 (3)0 (0)10 (12)
    • Data are % (n) unless otherwise indicated.

    • ↵* Data from one patient are missing.

    • SD, standard deviation.

    • View popup
    Table 2. Chart Review Protocol
    ICD-9 Code585.3
    Race/ethnicityWhite, African American, Hispanic, or Native American
    AgeNumeric value
    Body mass indexNumeric value
    Two most recent GFR values, with datesNumeric value*
    Two most recent ACR values, with datesNumeric value*
    Diagnosis based on GFR correct?Yes/No
    Diagnosis based on ACR correct?Yes/No
    ACR dateDate
    ACR verified? (2 successive ACRs at least 90 days apart)Dates and values of the 2 ACRs
    Comorbidities
        Diabetes mellitusYes/no
        HypertensionYes/no
        Congestive heart failureYes/no
        Sleep apneaYes/no
        Acute kidney injuryYes/no
        Coronary artery diseaseYes/no
    • ↵* Values were recorded only at the Buffalo sites.

    • ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; ICD-9, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision.

    • View popup
    Table 3. Prevalence of Misdiagnosis
    SitePatients, nPrevalence of Misdiagnosis, n (%)
    Buffalo practice 110948 (44)
    Buffalo practice 29552 (54)
    Kansas City practice12154 (45)
    Total325154 (47)
    • View popup
    Table 4. Breakdown of Misdiagnosed Patients*
    Patients (n)Prevalence (%)
    Buffalo Practice 1 (48)Buffalo Practice 2 (52)Total (100)
    1 Normal, 1 abnormal GFR19183737
    1 Normal GFR381111
    1 Abnormal GFR661212
    2 Normal GFRs19143333
    No recorded GFRs1677
    No recorded ACRs42186060
    • ↵* Data are from the Buffalo sites only.

    • ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; GFR, glomerular filtration rate.

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The Journal of the American Board of Family     Medicine: 28 (5)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 28, Issue 5
September-October 2015
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Inaccuracy of ICD-9 Codes for Chronic Kidney Disease: A Study from Two Practice-based Research Networks (PBRNs)
Charlotte W. Cipparone, Matthew Withiam-Leitch, Kim S. Kimminau, Chet H. Fox, Ranjit Singh, Linda Kahn
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Sep 2015, 28 (5) 678-682; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2015.05.140136

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Inaccuracy of ICD-9 Codes for Chronic Kidney Disease: A Study from Two Practice-based Research Networks (PBRNs)
Charlotte W. Cipparone, Matthew Withiam-Leitch, Kim S. Kimminau, Chet H. Fox, Ranjit Singh, Linda Kahn
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Sep 2015, 28 (5) 678-682; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2015.05.140136
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Keywords

  • Chronic Disease
  • Chronic Kidney Diseases
  • Clinical Coding
  • Diagnostic Errors
  • Electronic Medical Records
  • Medical Errors

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