Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1. Dependent Measures of Accessibility, Communication, Comprehensiveness, and Coordination
Category Measure Variable Accessibility Have a usual source of care Yes/more than one place vs. no Convenience of HC location Excellent/very good/good vs. fair/poor Ability to be seen at HC Excellent/very good/good vs. fair/poor Communication Provider listens to patient Excellent/very good/good vs. fair/poor Provider explains what patient wants to know Excellent/very good/good vs. fair/poor Provider gives good advice and treatment Excellent/very good/good vs. fair/poor Comprehensiveness Staff assisted patient with application for government benefits Yes vs. no Staff helped patient obtain transportation to medical appointments Yes vs. no Staff helped patient obtain free medication Yes vs. no Coordination Staff helped patient arrange medical appointments at other care settings Yes vs. no HC, health center.
Characteristics Mean age, years (SE) 34.15 (1.04) Sex Male 1674 (40.56) Female 2888 (59.44) Race/ethnicity Hispanic 1976 (31.99) Non-Hispanic white 1137 (37.79) Non-Hispanic black 1114 (21.53) Asian/other non-Hispanic 335 (8.70) Insurance Uninsured 1751 (36.55) Medicaid 1410 (32.53) Medicare 489 (9.96) Private 338 (9.98) Other public 502 (10.99) Marital status Married 1094 (28.91) Not married 2920 (71.09) Employment Employed 1252 (37.81) Unemployed 2728 (62.19) Education Less than high school 2240 (46.96) High school or more 2023 (53.04) English fluency Language other than English 1005 (17.13) English 2458 (57.88) Inapplicable 1084 (24.99) Perceived health status Excellent/very good/good 2716 (67.66) Fair/poor 1842 (32.34) Data are counts (weighted percentages) unless otherwise indicated. Data are taken from the 2009 Health Center Patient Survey. Numbers may not add up to 100% because of missing data for certain variables.
SE, standard error.
- Table 3. Quality of Primary Care Experienced by Health Center (HC) Patients by Race/Ethnicity
Respondents (n = 4227) Non-Hispanic White (n = 1,137) Non-Hispanic Black (n = 1114) Hispanic (n = 1976) Asian/Other Non-Hispanic (n = 335) Frequency Weighted % (SE) Frequency Weighted % (SE) Frequency Weighted % (SE) Frequency Weighted % (SE) Accessibility Have a usual source of care 3532 969 82.57 (3.23) 913 78.44 (4.84) 1627 81.44 (4.14) 280 86.85 (3.79) Convenience of HC location 4061 1087 96.19 (1.33) 1076 96.60 (1.15) 1871 95.40 (1.08) 320 98.86 (0.47) Ability to be seen by provider 3884 1053 92.57 (1.52) 1007 88.21 (2.21) 1799 91.03 (1.40) 311 91.56 (3.03) Communication Provider listens to patient* 4080 1107 98.16 (0.75) 1061 96.42 (1.45) 1885 92.25 (2.11) 320 96.62 (1.86) Provider explains what patient wants to know 4039 1096 97.52 (0.61) 1051 95.50 (1.50) 1866 94.41 (1.48) 315 95.68 (1.90) Provider gives patient good advice and treatment 4045 1096 97.62 (0.63) 1062 97.71 (1.16) 1861 95.74 (1.03) 318 96.61 (1.77) Comprehensiveness Staff helped patient apply for government benefits* 1126 269 21.44 (3.19) 255 17.30 (2.43) 592 29.42 (2.32) 104 29.77 (6.94) Staff helped patient get transportation to medical appointment 680 157 6.49 (1.57) 249 11.29 (3.78) 266 10.81 (2.30) 92 11.04 (3.37) Staff helped patient get free medication 1587 478 31.56 (2.67) 496 31.42 (2.88) 599 24.61 (2.99) 169 37.26 (6.44) Coordination Staff helped patient arrange medical appointments at other care settings* 2043 635 52.18 (3.78) 575 49.04 (7.25) 819 36.16 (2.54) 199 54.29 (6.72) Percentages and standard error (SE) based on weighted frequencies.
↵* P < .01.
- Table 4. Quality of Primary Care Experienced by Health Center (HC) Patients by Insurance Status
Respondents (n = 3499) Uninsured (n = 1751) Medicaid (n = 1410) Medicare (n = 489) Private (n = 338) Other Public (n = 502) Frequency Weighted % (SE) Frequency Weighted % (SE) Frequency Weighted % (SE) Frequency Weighted % (SE) Frequency Weighted % (SE) Accessibility Have a usual source of care* 2884 1379 76.98 (3.04) 1221 86.54 (3.42) 434 88.61 (2.48) 284 85.76 (3.05) 426 76.79 (8.71) Convenience of HC location* 3354 1670 94.77 (1.48) 1350 97.75 (0.91) 459 94.34 (1.70) 334 99.95 (0.04) 474 94.92 (1.86) Ability to be seen by provider 3196 1608 90.95 (1.73) 1279 89.68 (1.93) 453 96.33 (1.27) 309 94.44 (2.16) 459 90.96 (3.19) Communication Provider listens to patient 3356 1675 96.62 (1.15) 1357 96.50 (1.01) 470 98.15 (0.74) 324 96.55 (2.61) 479 90.43 (3.80) Provider explains what patient wants to know 3319 1658 96.44 (0.97) 1340 95.91 (0.98) 467 97.24 (0.91) 321 96.54 (2.61) 475 97.35 (0.95) Provider gives patient good advice and treatment 3324 1662 96.30 (1.06) 1338 97.46 (0.73) 467 96.65 (1.01) 324 98.91 (0.64) 477 97.89 (0.88) Comprehensiveness Staff helped patient apply for government benefits† 903 375 17.66 (2.56) 486 31.69 (4.19) 128 29.72 (4.88) 42 15.66 (4.05) 172 23.77 (5.07) Staff helped patient get transportation to medical appointment 554 275 8.73 (2.04) 254 10.59 (2.67) 106 11.87 (2.62) 25 4.92 (1.73) 98 8.33 (3.12) Staff helped patient get free medication 1301 775 34.01 (3.40) 444 26.34 (2.24) 192 32.80 (4.12) 82 21.95 (3.50) 224 29.65 (4.98) Coordination Staff helped patient arrange medical appointments at other care settings† 1597 743 37.11 (4.35) 677 47.52 (2.38) 326 67.51 (5.17) 177 51.96 (4.31) 271 51.82 (6.72) - Table 5. Logistic Regressions: Predictors of Primary Care Experience by Health Center (HC) Patients
Accessibility Communication Comprehensiveness Coordination Have a Usual Source of Care Convenience of HC Location Ability to be Seen by Provider Provider Listens to Patient Provider Explains What Patient Wants to Know Provider Gives Patient Good Advice and Treatment Staff Helped Patient Apply For Government Benefits Staff Helped Patient Get Transportation to Medical Appointment Staff Helped Patient Get Free Medication Staff Helped Patient Arrange Medical Appointments At Other Centers Race/ethnicity Non-Hispanic white (ref) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Non-Hispanic black 0.65 (0.33–1.27) 1.01 (0.33–3.07) 0.52* (0.31–0.87) 0.88 (0.26–3.04) 1.12 (0.41–3.06) 1.86 (0.80–4.29) 0.77 (0.50–1.19) 2.09 (0.997–4.36) 1.19 (0.86–1.64) 0.79 (0.43–1.44) Hispanic 0.65 (0.31–1.37) 0.87 (0.31–2.41) 1.09 (0.41–2.88) 0.38 (0.12–1.18) 0.53 (0.23–1.23) 0.94 (0.35–2.49) 1.35 (0.84–2.15) 1.82 (0.95–3.49) 0.95 (0.53–1.69) 0.55* (0.34–0.89) Asian/other non-Hispanic 1.15 (0.61–2.15) 5.10* (1.39–18.74) 0.70 (0.27–1.78) 0.97 (0.31–3.07) 0.96 (0.35–2.61) 0.75 (0.17–3.31) 1.46 (0.77–2.74) 2.35 (0.998–5.52) 1.58 (0.83–3.00) 1.65* (1.02–2.67) Insurance Uninsured (ref) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Medicaid 1.59 (0.79–3.19) 2.49 (0.65–9.62) 0.93 (0.44–1.96) 1.05 (0.31–3.51) 0.90 (0.33–2.46) 1.98 (0.73–5.40) 2.29‡ (1.46–3.57) 1.15 (0.63–2.10) 0.76 (0.47–1.21) 2.04‡ (1.35–3.09) Medicare 1.75 (0.98–3.10) 0.99 (0.27–3.66) 2.30 (0.95–5.58) 0.77 (0.23–2.56) 1.03 (0.38–2.78) 1.27 (0.58–2.82) 1.89* (1.03–3.48) 1.20 (0.63–2.31) 0.67 (0.40–1.15) 2.40§ (1.29–4.44) Private 1.69 (0.93–3.07) —† 1.59 (0.61–4.13) 0.58 (0.08–4.07) 0.55 (0.11–2.80) 1.81 (0.45–7.27) 0.92 (0.39–2.18) 0.72 (0.32–1.60) 0.51* (0.29–0.92) 1.70* (1.06–2.73) Other public 0.79 (0.30–1.80) 0.96 (0.39–2.40) 0.95 (0.47–1.96) 0.45 (0.12–1.66) 1.14 (0.44–2.92) 1.69 (0.58–4.95) 1.67 (0.98–2.83) 0.90 (0.37–2.10) 0.85 (0.54–1.33) 1.77* (1.00–3.14) Age 1.03** (1.01–1.05) 1.03 (0.999–1.06) 1.04‡ (1.02–1.06) 1.05‡ (1.03–1.07) 1.02 (0.998–1.04) 1.02 (0.99–1.04) 1.00 (0.98–1.02) 0.99 (0.97–1.01) 1.01 (0.998–1.02) 1.02‡ (1.01–1.03) Sex Male (ref) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Female 0.71 (0.41–1.23) 1.56 (0.64–3.79) 0.73 (0.41–1.31) 1.31 (0.47–3.63) 0.66 (0.28–1.60) 0.60 (0.31–1.17) 1.42 (0.93–2.16) 1.31 (0.73–2.34) 1.08 (0.80–1.46) 1.36 (0.98–1.90) Marital status Not married (ref) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Married 0.85 (0.57–1.28) 0.77 (0.31–1.87) 0.66 (0.34–1.25) 1.37 (0.48–3.92) 2.56 (0.96–6.79) 1.40 (0.50–3.90) 0.99 (0.68–1.45) 0.76 (0.43–1.32) 1.06 (0.75–1.50) 0.91 (0.72–1.16) Employment Unemployed (ref) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Employed 0.77 (0.48–1.21) 0.92 (0.43–1.98) 0.96 (0.52–1.75) 0.81 (0.32–2.03) 1.39 (0.70–2.78) 5.78‡ (2.41–13.87) 0.79 (0.52–1.20) 0.51 (0.23–1.14) 0.88 (0.62–1.23) 0.70 (0.49–1.001) Education Less than high school (ref) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 High school or more 0.92 (0.62–1.38) 0.87 (0.35–2.19) 0.74 (0.44–1.24) 2.35 (0.94–5.88) 0.67 (0.28–1.61) 1.24 (0.62–2.50) 1.23 (0.82–1.83) 0.83 (0.49–1.39) 1.07 (0.73–1.56) 1.11 (0.78–1.58) English fluency Language other than English (ref) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 English 0.38 (0.14–1.003) 0.61 (0.19–1.96) 1.04 (0.37–2.90) 1.33 (0.36–4.91) 1.91 (0.54–6.78) 1.78 (0.52–6.09) 0.85 (0.54–1.33) 0.94 (0.50–1.77) 1.48 (0.83–2.64) 0.84 (0.47–1.52) Inapplicable 0.43 (0.17–1.09) 0.84 (0.28–2.51) 0.78 (0.34–1.78) 0.83 (0.27–2.58) 1.54 (0.46–5.14) 1.38 (0.43–4.48) 1.00 (0.63–1.61) 1.12 (0.48–2.64) 1.26 (0.66–2.40) 0.79 (0.43–1.43) Perceived health status Fair/poor (ref) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Excellent/very good/good 1.33 (0.88–2.02) 3.96‡ (1.82–8.70) 2.17* (1.12–4.18) 1.50 (0.63–3.57) 1.65 (0.79–3.44) 2.25 (0.98–5.14) 0.74 (0.46–1.20) 0.66* (0.44–0.98) 0.72* (0.54–0.96) 0.88 (0.58–1.32)
