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Rapid CommunicationSpecial Communications

Advanced Primary Care in San Antonio: Linking Practice and Community Strategies to Improve Health

Robert L. Ferrer, Carolina Gonzalez Schlenker, Raquel Lozano Romero, Ramin Poursani, Oralia Bazaldua, DeWayne Davidson, Melissa Ann Gonzales, Janie DeHoyos, Martha Castilla, Betty A. Corona, James Tysinger, Bryan Alsip, Jonathan Trejo and Carlos Roberto Jaén
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine May 2013, 26 (3) 288-298; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2013.03.120238
Robert L. Ferrer
From the 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (RLF, CGS, RLR, RP, OB, DD, MC, BAC, J. Tysinger, J. Trejo, CRJ); and the 2University Health System, San Antonio, TX (MAG, JD, BA).
MD, MPH
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Carolina Gonzalez Schlenker
From the 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (RLF, CGS, RLR, RP, OB, DD, MC, BAC, J. Tysinger, J. Trejo, CRJ); and the 2University Health System, San Antonio, TX (MAG, JD, BA).
MD, MPH
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Raquel Lozano Romero
From the 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (RLF, CGS, RLR, RP, OB, DD, MC, BAC, J. Tysinger, J. Trejo, CRJ); and the 2University Health System, San Antonio, TX (MAG, JD, BA).
MD, MPH
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Ramin Poursani
From the 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (RLF, CGS, RLR, RP, OB, DD, MC, BAC, J. Tysinger, J. Trejo, CRJ); and the 2University Health System, San Antonio, TX (MAG, JD, BA).
MD
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Oralia Bazaldua
From the 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (RLF, CGS, RLR, RP, OB, DD, MC, BAC, J. Tysinger, J. Trejo, CRJ); and the 2University Health System, San Antonio, TX (MAG, JD, BA).
PharmD
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DeWayne Davidson
From the 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (RLF, CGS, RLR, RP, OB, DD, MC, BAC, J. Tysinger, J. Trejo, CRJ); and the 2University Health System, San Antonio, TX (MAG, JD, BA).
PharmD
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Melissa Ann Gonzales
From the 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (RLF, CGS, RLR, RP, OB, DD, MC, BAC, J. Tysinger, J. Trejo, CRJ); and the 2University Health System, San Antonio, TX (MAG, JD, BA).
RN
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Janie DeHoyos
From the 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (RLF, CGS, RLR, RP, OB, DD, MC, BAC, J. Tysinger, J. Trejo, CRJ); and the 2University Health System, San Antonio, TX (MAG, JD, BA).
RN
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Martha Castilla
From the 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (RLF, CGS, RLR, RP, OB, DD, MC, BAC, J. Tysinger, J. Trejo, CRJ); and the 2University Health System, San Antonio, TX (MAG, JD, BA).
CHW
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Betty A. Corona
From the 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (RLF, CGS, RLR, RP, OB, DD, MC, BAC, J. Tysinger, J. Trejo, CRJ); and the 2University Health System, San Antonio, TX (MAG, JD, BA).
FNP
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James Tysinger
From the 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (RLF, CGS, RLR, RP, OB, DD, MC, BAC, J. Tysinger, J. Trejo, CRJ); and the 2University Health System, San Antonio, TX (MAG, JD, BA).
PhD
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Bryan Alsip
From the 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (RLF, CGS, RLR, RP, OB, DD, MC, BAC, J. Tysinger, J. Trejo, CRJ); and the 2University Health System, San Antonio, TX (MAG, JD, BA).
MD, MPH
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Jonathan Trejo
From the 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (RLF, CGS, RLR, RP, OB, DD, MC, BAC, J. Tysinger, J. Trejo, CRJ); and the 2University Health System, San Antonio, TX (MAG, JD, BA).
BA
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Carlos Roberto Jaén
From the 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (RLF, CGS, RLR, RP, OB, DD, MC, BAC, J. Tysinger, J. Trejo, CRJ); and the 2University Health System, San Antonio, TX (MAG, JD, BA).
MD, PhD
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  • Article
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Article Figures & Data

Figures

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  • Figure 1.
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    Figure 1.

    Map of Bexar County, which contains the city of San Antonio, identifying the 6 priority ZIP codes and the location of our family health center. Each ZIP code is identified on the map by its final 2 digits; the full 5-digit ZIP codes appear at bottom right.

  • Figure 2.
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    Figure 2.

    Project outcomes in 2011 to 2012, displaying run charts for rates of hospital admissions (top left), emergency department visits (bottom left), and urgent care visits (top right) for each month from January 2011 through November 2012. The panel on the bottom right displays the monthly panel size during various intervals.

Tables

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    Table 1. Table of Classifications in Activities and Participation Component and Environmental Component of International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health
    Activities and ParticipationEnvironmental Factors
    Learning and applying knowledgeProducts and technology
    General tasks and demandsNatural environment and human-made changes
    CommunicationSupport and relationships
    MobilityAttitudes
    Self-careServices, systems, and policies
    Domestic life
    Interpersonal interactions and relationships
    Major life areas
    Community, social, and civic life
    • View popup
    Table 2. Worksheet Used by Promotores to Code Their Patient Encounters
    Instructions: Using your Presencia Viva ICF cards, reflect on what you know about the patient. Review the ICF domains in the form and write a sentence that captures what happened in the Nosotros story under the appropriate subdomain. Check a qualifier (impairment, functional or flourishing) that best describes the patient's current state. Be ready to share the story behind your coding. Code only what is touched by the story. Use your little ICF book to find more specific codes if needed.
    DomainSubdomainsImpairment (1–4)FunctionalFlourishing
    d1 Learning and practicing what was learnedd11. Paying attention with the senses
    d13. Basic learning
    d16. Putting to practice what was learned
    d2 General tasks and demandsd22. Carrying out tasks
    d23. Making plans and completing them
    d24.Handling stress
    d4 Mobilityd41. Changing body position
    d42. Transferring oneself
    d43. Lifting and carrying objects
    d44. Fine hand use
    d45. Walking
    d46. Moving around in different locations
    d465. Moving around using equipment
    d47. Using transportation
    d475. Driving
    d5 Self-cared51. Washing one self
    d52. Caring for body parts
    d53. Toileting
    d54. Dressing
    d55. Eating
    d56. Drinking
    d5700. Ensuring one's physical comfort (link to zoom-in)
    d5701. Managing diet and fitness
    d5702. Maintaining one's health (link to clinical care)
    d6 Domestic lifed61. Acquiring a place to live
    d62. Acquiring products and services for daily living
    d63. Preparing meals
    d64. Doing housework
    d65. Caring for household objects
    d56. Assisting others
    d8 Major life areasd81.Informal education
    d82. School education (up to high school)
    d83. Higher education
    d84.Work preparation, apprenticeship
    d845 Getting, keeping and terminating a job
    d850. Paid employment part or full time
    d855. Work without pay
    d860. Basic economic transactions
    d865. Complex economic transactions
    d8700. Personal economic self-sufficiency
    d8701. Public economic entitlements
    d9 Community, social and civic lifed9100. Informal associations
    d9101. Formal associations (unions, professional, etc.)
    d9102. Ceremonies
    d9200. Play
    d9201. Sports
    d9202. Arts and culture
    d9203. Crafts
    d9204. Hobbies
    d9205. Socializing
    d9300. Organized religion
    d9301. Spirituality
    d940. Human rights
    d950. Political life and citizenship
    • ICF, International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health.

    • View popup
    Table 3. Community Agencies Engaged by Promotores
    GovernmentFaith-BasedNonprofitFor-profit
    Bexar County Agency on AgingBlessed Sacrament Catholic ChurchAlamo Area ResourcesApartment Wiz
    Bexar County City Public ServicesCatholic Counseling and Consultation CenterAvanza Community CenterAQTS-Home Health
    City of San Antonio Department of Community InitiativesCatholic Charities Crisis Intervention CenterHeart for the NeighborhoodMedical Solutions, Inc.
    Edgewood School DistrictHoly Spirit Catholic ChurchHelping Hands Lifeline
    San Antonio Housing AuthoritySalvation ArmyTexas Diabetes Institute
    Mexican ConsulateSan Antonio Methodist Ministries Transitional House University Health SystemJewish Family Counseling Center
    • View popup
    Table 4. Advanced Primary Care Components in Clinical Improvement Initiatives
    Identification of high-morbidity, high-need patients; medical record review
    Patients invited to participate in multidisciplinary group visits, assembled by ZIP code
    Nurse care management
    Pharmacist review for high-morbidity patients; also trigger of 10 or more meds
    Care transition management for hospital and emergency department visits
    Targeted patient experience surveys to determine chief reasons for visits to emergency department and urgent care center
    Process improvements to patient flow through family health center
    Process improvements in patient telephone access
    Education and assistance with maintaining health plan enrollment
    Close integration of practice clinicians with advanced primary care project initiatives
    Group visits for patients with intense medical and social needs
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The Journal of the American Board of Family     Medicine: 26 (3)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 26, Issue 3
May-June 2013
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Advanced Primary Care in San Antonio: Linking Practice and Community Strategies to Improve Health
Robert L. Ferrer, Carolina Gonzalez Schlenker, Raquel Lozano Romero, Ramin Poursani, Oralia Bazaldua, DeWayne Davidson, Melissa Ann Gonzales, Janie DeHoyos, Martha Castilla, Betty A. Corona, James Tysinger, Bryan Alsip, Jonathan Trejo, Carlos Roberto Jaén
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine May 2013, 26 (3) 288-298; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2013.03.120238

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Advanced Primary Care in San Antonio: Linking Practice and Community Strategies to Improve Health
Robert L. Ferrer, Carolina Gonzalez Schlenker, Raquel Lozano Romero, Ramin Poursani, Oralia Bazaldua, DeWayne Davidson, Melissa Ann Gonzales, Janie DeHoyos, Martha Castilla, Betty A. Corona, James Tysinger, Bryan Alsip, Jonathan Trejo, Carlos Roberto Jaén
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine May 2013, 26 (3) 288-298; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2013.03.120238
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    • Abstract
    • Population and Setting
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    • A Promotore Model to Promote Individual and Community Health
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