Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1. Key Characteristics of Cancer Cases and No-Cancer Controls at Baseline Assessment (N=5095)*†
Characteristics Overall (N=5095) No Cancer (n=4680) Cancer (n=415) Characteristics Overall (N=5095) No Cancer (n=4680) Cancer (n=415) Age Cigarette smoking ≤50 11 12 5 Former 36 35 41 51 to 54 10 10 7 Current 16 16 17 55 to 64 64 64 67 Physical activity ≥65 15 15 20 Sedentary/light 43 43 43 Female 55 56 48 Moderate 43 43 42 Education Vigorous 14 13 15 High school or less 63 63 56 Body mass index Some college 15 14 20 ≤24.9 32 32 30 College degree 12 12 13 25–29 43 43 45 Postgraduate training 10 10 12 ≥30 25 25 25 Insurance status* Family history of cancer 57 56 64 Private 54 54 47 Marital status Public/uninsured† 46 46 53 Widowed/divorced/never married 15 15 13 Household income ($) Married 85 85 87 <20,000 15 15 15 Mean number of children 3 (2) 3 (2) 3 (2) 20,000–34,999 13 13 13 Mean stressful life event count 2 (2) 2 (2) 2 (2) 35,000–49,999 20 20 20 Mean social relationship count 8 (6) 8 (6) 8 (7) 50,000–64,999 19 19 19 Mean social participation count 4 (3) 4 (3) 4 (3) ≥65,000 34 33 33 Personality score (Mean) Percent employed 84 84 85 Openness to experience 21 (5) 21 (5) 22 (5) Chronic conditions Conscientiousness 29 (4) 29 (4) 29 (4) Hypertension 23 23 26 Extraversion 23 (5) 23 (5) 23 (5) Heart disease 10 10 12 Agreeableness 29 (4) 29 (4) 28 (4) Respiratory conditions 10 10 9 Neuroticism 16 (5) 16 (5) 16 (5) Arthritis 26 26 29 Other diagnoses 22 22 21 Functional limitation 17 17 16 Self-rated health Very poor/poor/fair 11 11 12 Good 63 63 64 Excellent 26 26 25 Values represent percent (ages) unless specified as mean (standard deviation). Bolded values indicate statistically significant difference between respondents with and without cancer (p < .05).
↵* Measured at the time of the 2003–2004 survey.
↵† Two percent of participants were uninsured at the time of the survey.
- Table 2. Cancer in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study by Site, Stage, and Time Since Diagnosis (N = 415)
Cancer Characteristic n (%) Time between diagnosis and survey (years) 0–4 231 (56) ≥5 184 (44) Cancer site at diagnosis Prostate 133 (32) Breast 113 (27) Colorectal 39 (9) Bladder 14 (3) Lung 10 (2) Other 106 (26) Cancer stage at diagnosis In situ 38 (9) Local 277 (67) Regional 83 (20) Missing 17 (4) Participants with cancers diagnosed at a distant stage were excluded from the analysis.
Characteristic Overall, n (%) (n=5095) No Cancer, n (%) (n=4680) Cancer, n (%) (n=415) Cancer screening Pelvic exam or Pap smear 2797 (62) 2599 (61) 198 (69) Mammogram 2797 (76) 2599 (76) 198 (87) Prostate exam 2298 (70) 2081 (69) 217 (79) Cancer screening† Pelvic exam or Pap smear — — 195 (68) Mammogram — — 88 (81) Prostate exam — — 85 (72) * Pelvic/Pap and mammogram for women only, prostate exam for men only.
↵† Excludes participants with cancer associated with screening.
- Table 4. Adjusted Average Predicted Probabilities of Preventive Care Services for Respondents by Time Since Diagnosis, Controlling for Pre-cancer Characteristics and Insurance Status, With and Without Post-cancer Depressive Symptoms and Length of Participant–Provider Relationship (N = 5095)*
Variables Controlling for Precancer Characteristics Controlling for Precancer Characteristics, Depressive Symptoms, and Length of Time with Provider No Cancer Cancer Overall <5 Years from Diagnosis ≥5 Years from Diagnosis No Cancer <5 Years from Diagnosis ≥5 Years from Diagnosis Cancer screening of all particpants† Pelvic exam or Pap smear 61 (59–63) 70 (63–76) 71 (63–82) 68 (57–76) 61 (59–63) 72 (64–82) 68 (58–76) Mammogram 76 (74–77) 86 (78–90) 87 (78–92) 86 (78–92) 76 (74–77) 87 (78–92) 86 (77–92) Prostate exam 69 (67–71) 76 (70–82) 79 (69–85) 72 (62–81) 69 (67–71) 78 (68–84) 72 (60–81) Cancer screening excluding participants associated with cancer Pelvic exam or Pap smear 61 (59–63) 69 (63–76) 71 (63–82) 67 (56–75) 61 (59–63) 72 (63–82) 66 (56–75) Mammogram 76 (74–77) 80 (69–86) 76 (58–87) 83 (72–93) 76 (74–77) 76 (57–86) 82 (71–93) Prostate exam 69 (67–71) 69 (57–77) 67 (53–80) 72 (58–84) 69 (67–71) 65 (50–79) 72 (57–84) Values provided as percent (95% confidence interval).
Sample sizes for participants with and without cancer are indicated in Table 3.
↵* All models adjusted for variables as described in Table 1. Bold values indicate comparisons that were significant in the logistic regression model (p < .05) that compared screening behavior in participants with and without cancer.
↵† Pelvic/Pap and mammogram for women only, prostate exam for men only.
