Abuse, Outpatient Charges and Utilization, and Psychiatric Symptoms among Urban Women on Medicaid

John H. Porcerelli; Rosemary Cogan; Tsveti Markova; William Murdoch; Mary Anne Porcerelli

doi:10.3122/jabfm.2010.03.090121

Article Figures & Data

Tables

View popup
Table 1.
Correlations between Outpatient Charges and Utilization and Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Symptoms Outpatient Charges Days Spent in Hospital Emergency Room Visits
r P r P r P
Anxiety 0.28 .005 0.02 .84 0.13 .20
Depression 0.29 .004 0.11 .30 0.31 .002
PTSD 0.29 .004 0.12 .25 0.24 .02
PTSD, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

View popup

Table 2.

Patient Demographics (n = 97)

Age, years (mean [SD])	34.6 (9.2)
Race/ethnicity (%)
Black	91.8
White	3.1
Other	5.2
Education (%)
Some high school	24.7
High school graduate or GED	30.9
Some college	41.2
College graduate	3.1
Marital status (%)
Married	11.3
Single	48.4
Separated/divorced	30.9
Other	9.3
Income (%)
<$10,000	54.6
$10,000–$24,999	29.9
$25,000–$49,999	11.3
≥$50,000	4.1
Employed outside the home (%)
Unemployed	25.8
Work part time	17.5
Work full time	38.2
Other	17.5
Chronic illness (%)	48.0

GED, general educational development test.

View popup

Table 3.

Physical and Sexual Abuse during Childhood in Relation to Physical and Sexual Abuse as an Adult

	Childhood Sexual Abuse		Childhood Physical Abuse		Total
	No	Yes	No	Yes	Total
Adult sexual abuse
No	46 (47)	21 (22)	42 (43)	25 (26)	67 (69)
Yes	9 (9)	21 (22)	9 (9)	21 (22)	30 (31)
Adult physical abuse
No	31 (32)	11 (11)	27 (28)	15 (15)	42 (43)
Yes	24 (25)	31 (32)	24 (25)	31 (32)	55 (57)
Total	55 (57)	42 (43)	51 (53)	46 (47)	97 (100)

All values provided as n (%).

View popup

Table 4.

Health Charges and Utilization and Anxiety, Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms of Women Who Experienced or Did Not Experience Childhood and Adult Sexual Abuse

	Childhood Sexual Abuse (mean [SD])			2 × 2 Factorial ANOVA Test Results
	Childhood Sexual Abuse (mean [SD])			Childhood (C)		Adult (A)		C*A		R²
	No	Yes	Total	F	P	F	P	F	P	R²
Total outpatient charges
No adult sexual abuse	535 (453)	588 (346)	552 (421)
Adult sexual abuse	703 (460)	844 (508)	802 (491)
Total	563 (455)	716 (449)	629 (456)	0.60	.44	3.40	.07	0.03	.86
Days spent in hospital (n)
No adult sexual abuse	1.3 (0.9)	1.5 (0.9)	1.4 (0.9)
Adult sexual abuse	1.7 (1.1)	1.8 (1.1)	1.7 (1.1)
Total	1.4 (0.9)	1.6 (1.0)	1.5 (1.0)	0.24	.63	1.74	.19	0.01	.94
ER visits (n)
No adult sexual abuse	2.1 (1.2)	2.5 (1.1)	2.2 (1.2)
Adult sexual abuse	2.6 (0.9)	2.4 (1.3)	2.5 (1.2)
Total	2.2 (1.2)	2.5 (1.2)	2.3 (1.2)	0.18	.67	0.49	.49	0.75	.39
Anxiety
No adult sexual abuse	2.6 (3.4)	5.2 (4.5)	3.4 (3.9)
Adult sexual abuse	6.0 (5.0)	7.5 (4.2)	7.0 (4.5)
Total	3.1 (3.8)	6.4 (4.4)		4.8	.03	8.9	.004	0.40	.53	0.21
Depression
No adult sexual abuse	4.3 (4.8)	8.9 (6.0)	4.9 (5.4)
Adult sexual abuse	8.4 (7.3)	12.6 (6.7)	10.7 (6.5)
Total	5.7 (5.6)	11.3 (7.0)		10.10	.002	8.28	.005	0.03	.86	0.26
PTSD
No adult sexual abuse	11.4 (11.9)	20.3 (16.3)	13.5 (14.0)
Adult sexual abuse	24.4 (19.1)	31.1 (18.8)	25.7 (18.2)
Total	14.2 (14.0)	29.1 (18.8)		4.57	.04	10.67	.002	0.10	.75	0.22

ANOVA, analysis of variance; ER, emergency room; PTSD, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

View popup

Table 5.

Health Charges and Utilization and Anxiety, Depression, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scores of Women Who Experienced and Did Not Experience Childhood and Adult Physical Abuse

	Childhood Physical Abuse			2 × 2 Factorial ANOVA Test Results
	Childhood Physical Abuse			Childhood (C)		Adult (A)		C*A		R²
	No	Yes	Total	F	P	F	P	F	P	R²
Total outpatient charges
No adult physical abuse	459 (400)	660 (407)	601 (467)
Adult physical abuse	749 (494)	660 (471)	660 (447)
Total	532 (410)	700 (479)		0.36	.55	2.33	.13	2.33	.13
Days spent in hospital (n)
No adult physical abuse	1.1 (0.4)	1.3 (0.7)	1.2 (0.6)
Adult physical abuse	1.8 (1.2)	1.7 (1.0)	1.7 (1.1)
Total	1.4 (1.0)	1.6 (1.0)		0.12	.73	6.30	.01	0.58	.45	0.08
ER visits (n)
No adult physical abuse	1.8 (1.1)	2.7 (1.0)	2.1 (1.1)
Adult physical abuse	2.4 (1.2)	2.5 (1.3)	2.4 (1.2)
Total	2.1 (1.2)	2.5 (1.2)		3.99	.05	0.56	.56	2.23	.14	0.07
Anxiety
No adult physical abuse	2.0 (2.4)	4.4 (4.6)	2.9 (3.5)
Adult physical abuse	4.8 (4.3)	6.4 (4.8)	5.7 (4.6)
Total	3.4 (3.7)	5.8 (4.8)		5.13	.03	7.69	.007	0.20	.65	0.15
Depression
No adult physical abuse	3.2 (3.6)	7.6 (5.4)	4.8 (4.8)
Adult physical abuse	8.0 (6.5)	10.5 (7.3)	9.4 (7.0)
Total	5.5 (5.7)	9.6 (6.8)		7.54	.007	9.18	.003	0.53	.47	0.19
PTSD
No adult physical abuse	10.2 (8.3)	18.0 (17.1)	13.0 (12.7)
Adult physical abuse	20.9 (16.7)	24.8 (20.0)	23.0 (18.6)
Total	15.4 (14.1)	22.6 (19.2)		2.94	.09	6.54	.01	0.33	.57	0.11