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Research ArticleOriginal Research

Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to Assess Outcome Disparities in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia

Estella M. Geraghty, Thomas Balsbaugh, Jim Nuovo and Sanjeev Tandon
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine January 2010, 23 (1) 88-96; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2010.01.090149
Estella M. Geraghty
MD, MS, MPH/CPH, FACP
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Thomas Balsbaugh
MD
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Jim Nuovo
MD
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Sanjeev Tandon
MBBS, MD
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References

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    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diabetes Data & Trends. Number (in millions) of civilian/noninstitutionalized persons with diagnosed diabetes, United States, 1980–2006. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figpersons.htm. Accessed 3 February 2009.
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    Miech RA, Kim J, McConnell C, Hamman RF. A growing disparity in diabetes-related mortality. U.S. trends, 1989–2005. Am J Prev Med 2009; 36: 126–32.
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    Kirk JK, Passmore LV, Bell RA, et al. Disparities in A1c levels between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white adults with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2008; 31: 240–6.
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    Peek ME, Cargill A, Huang ES. Diabetes health disparities: a systematic review of health care interventions. Med Care Res Rev 2007; 64(5 Suppl): 101S–56S.
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    Improving Chronic Illness Care. The Chronic Care Model. Available at http://www.improvingchroniccare.org/index.php?p=Model_Elements&s=18. Accessed 6 February 2009.
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    Bodenheimer T, Wagner EH, Grumbach K. Improving primary care for patients with chronic illness. JAMA 2002; 288: 1775–9.
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    Choi M, Afzal B, Sattler B. Geographic information systems: a new tool for environmental health assessments. Public Health Nurs 2006; 23: 381–91.
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    Diez Roux AV, Merkin SS, Arnett D, et al. Neighborhood of residence and incidence of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 99–106.
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    American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes–2009. Diabetes Care 2009; 32(1 Suppl): S13–61.
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    Wendel CS, Shah JH, Duckworth WC, Hoffman RM, Mohler MJ, Murata GH. Racial and ethnic disparities in the control of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Southwest American veterans with type 2 diabetes: the Diabetes Outcomes in Veterans Study. BMC Health Serv Res 2006; 6: 58–65.
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  11. Sequist TD, Adams A, Zhang F, Ross-Degnan D, Ayanian JZ. Effect of quality improvement on racial disparities in diabetes care. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 675–81.
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  12. Misra R, Lager J. Ethnic and gender differences in psychosocial factors, glycemic control, and quality of life among adult type 2 diabetic patients. J Diabetes Complications 2009; 23: 54–64.
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  13. Heisler M, Smith DM, Hayward RA, Krein DL, Kerr EA. Racial disparities in diabetes care processes, outcomes, and treatment intensity. Medical Care 2003; 41: 1221–32.
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    Brown A, Gregg EW, Stevens MR, et al. Race, ethnicity, socioeconomic positions, and quality of care for adults with diabetes enrolled in managed care: the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) study. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 2864–70.
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    Harris M, Eastman RC, Cowie CC, Flegal KM, Eberhardt MS. Racial and ethnic differences in glycemic control of adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999; 22: 403–8.
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    Littenberg B, Strauss K, MacLean CD, Troy AR. The use of insulin declines as patients live farther from their source of care: results of a survey of adults with type 2 diabetes. BMC Public Health 2006; 6: 198.
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The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine: 23 (1)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 23, Issue 1
January-February 2010
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Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to Assess Outcome Disparities in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia
Estella M. Geraghty, Thomas Balsbaugh, Jim Nuovo, Sanjeev Tandon
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jan 2010, 23 (1) 88-96; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2010.01.090149

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Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to Assess Outcome Disparities in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia
Estella M. Geraghty, Thomas Balsbaugh, Jim Nuovo, Sanjeev Tandon
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jan 2010, 23 (1) 88-96; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2010.01.090149
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