Having a Personal Healthcare Provider and Receipt of Adequate Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening

Article Figures & Data

Table 1.

Population Characteristics of Patients Receiving Cervical Cancer Screening (n = 130,359)*

Variables	One PHP (n = 100,031)(%)^†	More ThanOne PHP (n = 11,601)(%)	No PHP (n = 18,727)(%)	Total (n = 130,359)(%)	P
Age, mean years (SD)	51.7 (16.8)	53.2 (17.7)	41.6 (15.6)	50.2 (17.1)	<.001
Race/ethnicity					<.001
Non-Hispanic white	72.8	69	51.7	68.8
Non-Hispanic African American	10.5	9.5	11.2	10.5
Non-Hispanic other	3.9	4.9	4.6	4.1
Non-Hispanic multiracial	1.3	1.8	1.4	1.4
Hispanic	11.5	14.7	31.1	15.2
Education level					<.001
Did not graduate high school	9.2	10.5	20.5	11.2
High school graduate or greater	90.8	89.5	79.5	88.8
Income					<.001
<$25,000	27.4	30.3	52.1	31.8
≥$25,000	72.6	69.7	47.9	68.2
Health insurance					<.001
Yes	90.7	89.6	53.3	84.1
No	9.3	10.4	46.7	15.9
Adequate cervical cancer screening^‡					<.001
Yes	86.6	87.4	73.7	84.5
No	13.4	12.6	26.3	15.5

* According to the 2004 United States Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System.
† Weighted percent.
‡ Adequate cervical cancer screening defined as Pap smear within the previous 3 years.
PHP, personal health care provider.

Table 2.

Population Characteristics of Patients Receiving Breast Cancer Screening (n = 129,929)*

Variables	One PHP(n = 105,250)(%)^†	More ThanOne PHP(n = 12,844)(%)	No PHP(n = 11,835)(%)	Total(N = 129,929)(%)	P
Age, mean years (SD)	59.5 (13.0)	60.5 (13.3)	54.9 (12.0)	59.2 (13.0)	<.001
Race/ethnicity					<.001
Non-Hispanic white	77.5	74.1	59.8	75.5
Non-Hispanic African American	9.4	9.2	10.6	9.5
Non-Hispanic other	3	3.5	3.9	3.2
Non-Hispanic multiracial	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.2
Hispanic	8.9	11.4	24.3	10.6
Education level					<.001
Did not graduate high school	11.6	13.7	22.7	12.9
High school graduate or greater	88.4	86.3	77.3	87.1
Income					<.001
<$25,000	31.3	34.9	51.2	33.5
≥$25,000	68.7	65.1	48.8	66.5
Health insurance					<.001
Yes	93.1	93.2	60.4	90
No	6.9	6.8	39.6	10
Adequate breast cancer screening^‡					<.001
Yes	77	77.4	45.4	74.1
No	23	22.6	54.6	25.9

* According to the 2004 United States Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System.
† Weighted percentage.
‡ Adequate breast cancer screening defined as mammogram within the previous 2 years.
PHP, primary health care provider.

Table 3.

Logistic Regression Analyses of Predictors of Adequate Cervical Cancer Screening*

Variables	Unadjusted(n = 130,359)	Adjusted(n = 111,600)^†
Personal healthcare provider
None	RG	RG
One	2.31 (2.09–2.55)	2.37 (2.08–2.70)
More than one	2.46 (2.08–2.92)	2.66 (2.13–3.32)
Age	0.98 (0.98–0.99)	0.98 (0.97–0.98)
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	RG	RG
Non-Hispanic African American	1.20 (1.04–1.39)	1.48 (1.24–1.75)
Non-Hispanic other	0.55 (0.45–0.68)	0.52 (0.40–0.67)
Non-Hispanic multiracial	0.81 (0.58–1.14)	0.64 (0.43–0.94)
Hispanic	0.80 (0.69–0.92)	1.25 (1.04–1.51)
Education level
High school or greater	RG	RG
Did not graduate high school	0.52 (0.46–0.58)	0.91 (0.77–1.07)
Income
≥$25,000	RG	RG
<$25,000	0.38 (0.35–0.42)	0.47 (0.42-.52)
Health insurance
No	RG	RG
Yes	1.96 (1.77–2.17)	1.45 (1.26–1.67)

Data provided as odds ratio (95% CI).
* Adequate cervical cancer screening defined as Pap test within the previous 3 years. Data according to the 2004 United States Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
† Based on missing data for the entire adjusted model.
RG, referent group.

Table 4.

Logistic Regression Analyses of Predictors of Adequate Breast Cancer Screening*

Variables	Unadjusted(n = 129,929)	Adjusted(n = 106,288)^†
Personal healthcare provider
None	RG	RG
One	4.03 (3.63–4.49)	2.86 (2.54–3.24)
More than one	4.11 (3.56–4.76)	2.96 (2.51–3.48)
Age	1.01 (1.00–1.01)	1.01 (1.01–1.02)
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	RG	RG
Non-Hispanic African American	1.00 (0.90–1.12)	1.36 (1.20–1.55)
Non-Hispanic other	0.68 (0.54–0.84)	0.84 (0.65–1.08)
Non-Hispanic multiracial	0.70 (0.53–0.93)	0.82 (0.60–1.12)
Hispanic	0.81 (0.71–0.93)	1.60 (1.34–1.90)
Education level
High school or greater	RG	RG
Did not graduate high school	0.60 (0.54–0.66)	0.78 (0.69–0.89)
Income
≥$25,000	RG	RG
<$25,000	0.55 (0.51–0.59)	0.57 (0.52–0.62)
Health insurance
No	RG	RG
Yes	3.38 (3.06–3.74)	2.03 (1.80–2.29)

Data provided as odds ratio (95% CI).
* Adequate breast cancer screening defined as mammogram within the previous 2 years. Data is according to the 2004 United States Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
† Based on missing data for the entire adjusted model
RG, referent group.