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Research ArticleOriginal Research

Having a Personal Healthcare Provider and Receipt of Adequate Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening

Roberto Cardarelli, Anita K. Kurian and Vishwam Pandya
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine January 2010, 23 (1) 75-81; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2010.01.090034
Roberto Cardarelli
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Anita K. Kurian
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Vishwam Pandya
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  • Article
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Article Figures & Data

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    Table 1.

    Population Characteristics of Patients Receiving Cervical Cancer Screening (n = 130,359)*

    VariablesOne PHP (n = 100,031)(%)†More ThanOne PHP (n = 11,601)(%)No PHP (n = 18,727)(%)Total (n = 130,359)(%)P
    Age, mean years (SD)51.7 (16.8)53.2 (17.7)41.6 (15.6)50.2 (17.1)<.001
    Race/ethnicity<.001
        Non-Hispanic white72.86951.768.8
        Non-Hispanic African American10.59.511.210.5
        Non-Hispanic other3.94.94.64.1
        Non-Hispanic multiracial1.31.81.41.4
        Hispanic11.514.731.115.2
    Education level<.001
        Did not graduate high school9.210.520.511.2
        High school graduate or greater90.889.579.588.8
    Income<.001
        <$25,00027.430.352.131.8
        ≥$25,00072.669.747.968.2
    Health insurance<.001
        Yes90.789.653.384.1
        No9.310.446.715.9
    Adequate cervical cancer screening‡<.001
        Yes86.687.473.784.5
        No13.412.626.315.5
    • * According to the 2004 United States Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System.

    • † Weighted percent.

    • ‡ Adequate cervical cancer screening defined as Pap smear within the previous 3 years.

    • PHP, personal health care provider.

    • View popup
    Table 2.

    Population Characteristics of Patients Receiving Breast Cancer Screening (n = 129,929)*

    VariablesOne PHP(n = 105,250)(%)†More ThanOne PHP(n = 12,844)(%)No PHP(n = 11,835)(%)Total(N = 129,929)(%)P
    Age, mean years (SD)59.5 (13.0)60.5 (13.3)54.9 (12.0)59.2 (13.0)<.001
    Race/ethnicity<.001
        Non-Hispanic white77.574.159.875.5
        Non-Hispanic African American9.49.210.69.5
        Non-Hispanic other33.53.93.2
        Non-Hispanic multiracial1.11.81.41.2
        Hispanic8.911.424.310.6
    Education level<.001
        Did not graduate high school11.613.722.712.9
        High school graduate or greater88.486.377.387.1
    Income<.001
        <$25,00031.334.951.233.5
        ≥$25,00068.765.148.866.5
    Health insurance<.001
        Yes93.193.260.490
        No6.96.839.610
    Adequate breast cancer screening‡<.001
        Yes7777.445.474.1
        No2322.654.625.9
    • * According to the 2004 United States Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System.

    • † Weighted percentage.

    • ‡ Adequate breast cancer screening defined as mammogram within the previous 2 years.

    • PHP, primary health care provider.

    • View popup
    Table 3.

    Logistic Regression Analyses of Predictors of Adequate Cervical Cancer Screening*

    VariablesUnadjusted(n = 130,359)Adjusted(n = 111,600)†
    Personal healthcare provider
        NoneRGRG
        One2.31 (2.09–2.55)2.37 (2.08–2.70)
        More than one2.46 (2.08–2.92)2.66 (2.13–3.32)
    Age0.98 (0.98–0.99)0.98 (0.97–0.98)
    Race/ethnicity
        Non-Hispanic whiteRGRG
        Non-Hispanic African American1.20 (1.04–1.39)1.48 (1.24–1.75)
        Non-Hispanic other0.55 (0.45–0.68)0.52 (0.40–0.67)
        Non-Hispanic multiracial0.81 (0.58–1.14)0.64 (0.43–0.94)
        Hispanic0.80 (0.69–0.92)1.25 (1.04–1.51)
    Education level
        High school or greaterRGRG
        Did not graduate high school0.52 (0.46–0.58)0.91 (0.77–1.07)
    Income
        ≥$25,000RGRG
        <$25,0000.38 (0.35–0.42)0.47 (0.42-.52)
    Health insurance
        NoRGRG
        Yes1.96 (1.77–2.17)1.45 (1.26–1.67)
    • Data provided as odds ratio (95% CI).

    • * Adequate cervical cancer screening defined as Pap test within the previous 3 years. Data according to the 2004 United States Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

    • † Based on missing data for the entire adjusted model.

    • RG, referent group.

    • View popup
    Table 4.

    Logistic Regression Analyses of Predictors of Adequate Breast Cancer Screening*

    VariablesUnadjusted(n = 129,929)Adjusted(n = 106,288)†
    Personal healthcare provider
        NoneRGRG
        One4.03 (3.63–4.49)2.86 (2.54–3.24)
        More than one4.11 (3.56–4.76)2.96 (2.51–3.48)
    Age1.01 (1.00–1.01)1.01 (1.01–1.02)
    Race/ethnicity
        Non-Hispanic whiteRGRG
        Non-Hispanic African American1.00 (0.90–1.12)1.36 (1.20–1.55)
        Non-Hispanic other0.68 (0.54–0.84)0.84 (0.65–1.08)
        Non-Hispanic multiracial0.70 (0.53–0.93)0.82 (0.60–1.12)
        Hispanic0.81 (0.71–0.93)1.60 (1.34–1.90)
    Education level
        High school or greaterRGRG
        Did not graduate high school0.60 (0.54–0.66)0.78 (0.69–0.89)
    Income
        ≥$25,000RGRG
        <$25,0000.55 (0.51–0.59)0.57 (0.52–0.62)
    Health insurance
        NoRGRG
        Yes3.38 (3.06–3.74)2.03 (1.80–2.29)
    • Data provided as odds ratio (95% CI).

    • * Adequate breast cancer screening defined as mammogram within the previous 2 years. Data is according to the 2004 United States Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

    • † Based on missing data for the entire adjusted model

    • RG, referent group.

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The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine: 23 (1)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 23, Issue 1
January-February 2010
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Having a Personal Healthcare Provider and Receipt of Adequate Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening
Roberto Cardarelli, Anita K. Kurian, Vishwam Pandya
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jan 2010, 23 (1) 75-81; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2010.01.090034

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Having a Personal Healthcare Provider and Receipt of Adequate Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening
Roberto Cardarelli, Anita K. Kurian, Vishwam Pandya
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jan 2010, 23 (1) 75-81; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2010.01.090034
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