Portal Vein Thrombosis: An Unexpected Finding in a 28-Year-Old Male With Abdominal Pain

References

1. ↵
   Graham R, Roberts R, Ostergaard D, Kahn N Jr, Pugno P, Green L. Family practice in the United States: a status report. JAMA 2002; 288: 1097–101.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
2. Black P. Chief complaints in a free walk-in clinic. Public Health Rep 1977; 92: 150–3.

   OpenUrlPubMed
3. McCaig B. Statistics on emergency and trauma care utilization. In: Future of emergency care: hospital-based emergency care at the breaking point. Institute of Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2007. p. 345–52.
4. ↵
   Balford GW, Stewart TG. Case of enlarged spleen complicated with ascites, both depending on varicose dilation and throbosis of the portal vein. Edinb Med J 1869; 14: 589–98.

   OpenUrl
5. Primignani M, Martinelli I, Bucciarelli P, et al. Risk factors for thrombophilia in extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. Hepatology 2005; 41: 603–8.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
6. Walker A. Portal vein thrombosis: what is the role of genetics?. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 17: 705–7.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
7. ↵
   Valla DC. Portal vein thrombosis and prothrombic disorders. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 14: 1051–2.

   OpenUrlPubMed
8. ↵
   Valla DC, Condat B. Portal vein thrombosis in adult: pathophysiology, pathogenesis and management. J Hepatol 2000; 32: 865–71.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
9. ↵
   Sheen CL, Lamparelli H, Milne A, Green I, Ramage JK. Clinical features, diagnosis and outcome of acute portal vein thrombosis. Q J Med. 2000; 93: 531–4.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
10. ↵
    Condat B, Pessione F, Denninger MH, Hillaire S, Valla DC. Recent portal or mesenteric venous thrombosis: increased recognition and frequent recanalization on anticoagulant therapy. Hepatology 2000; 32: 466–70.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
11. ↵
    Okuda K, Ohnishi K, Kimura K, et al. Incidence of portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis. An angiographic study in 708 patients. Gastroenterology 1985; 89: 279–86.

    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
12. ↵
    Webster GJM, Burroughs AK, Riordan SM. Review article: portal vein thrombosis –new insights into aetiology and management. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 21: 1–9.

    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
13. ↵
    Hegenbarth K, Fickert P, Aschauer M, Horina JH, Stauber RE, Trauner M. Successful management of acute portal vein thrombosis by low molecular weight heparin and oral anticoagulation. Am J Gastroenterol 2002; 97: 1567–8.

    OpenUrlPubMed
14. ↵
    Kocher G, Himmelmann A. Portal vein thrombosis (PVT): a study of 20 non-cirrhotic cases. Swiss Med Wkly 2005; 135: 372–6.

    OpenUrlPubMed
15. ↵
    Condat B, Pessione F, Hillaire S, et al. Current outcome of portal vein thrombosis in adults: risk and benefit of anticoagulant therapy. Gastroenterology 2001; 120: 490–7.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
16. ↵
    Sobhonslidsuk A, Reddy R. Portal vein thrombosis: a concise review. Am J Gastroenterol 2002; 97: 535–41.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
17. Denninger MH, Chait Y, Casadevall N, et al. Cause of portal or hepatic venous thrombosis in adults: the role of multiple concurrent factors. Hepatology 2000; 31: 587–91.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
18. ↵
    Choudhary A, Grayer D, Nelson A, Roberts I. Mesenteric venous thrombosis a diagnosis not to be missed. J Clin Gastroenterol 2000; 31: 179–82.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
19. ↵
    Vleggaar FP, van Buuren HR, Schalm SW. Endoscopic sclerotherapy for bleeding esophagogastric varices secondary to extrahepatic portal venous obstruction in an adult population. Eur J Gastroenterol Heptaol 1998; 10: 81–5.

    OpenUrl
20. Zivelin A, Rosenberg N, Faier S, et al. A single genetic origin for the common prothrombotic G20210A polymorphism in the prothrombin gene. Blood 1998; 92: 1119–24.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
21. Tateishi A, Mitsui H, Oki T, et al. Extensive mesenteric vein and portal vein thrombosis successfully treated by thrombolysis and anticoagulation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001; 16: 1429–33.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
22. Perry S, Ortel T. Clinical and laboratory evaluation of thrombophilia. Clinics Chest Med 2003; 24: 153–70.

    OpenUrl
23. ↵
    Feero G. Genetic thrombophilia. Prim Care Clin Office Pract 2004; 31: 685–709.

    OpenUrl
24. Bick R. Prothrombin G20210A mutation, antithrombin, heparin cofactor II, protein C, and protein S defects. Hematol Oncol Clin N Am 2003; 17: 9–36.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
25. Poort S, Rosendaal F, Reitsma P, Bertina R. A common genetic variation in the 3′-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increase in venous thrombosis. Blood 1996; 88: 3698–703.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
26. ↵
    Brown K, Luddington R, Williamson D, Baker P, Baglin T. Risk of venous thromboembolism associated with a G to A transition at position 20210 in the 3′ untranslated region of the prothrombin gene. Br J Haematol 1997; 98: 907–9.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
27. El Hajj I, Salem Z, Birjawi G, Taher A, Soweid A. Heterozygous prothrombin 202010G/A mutation, associated with hyperhomocysteinemia, and homozygous methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C/T mutation, in a patient with portal mesenteric venous thrombosis. Hematol J 2004; 5: 540–2.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
28. Rosendaal FR, Doggen CMJ, Zivelin A, Arruda VR, Aiach M, Siskovick DS Geographic distribution of the 20210G to A prothrombin variant. Thromb Haemost 1998; 79: 706–8.

    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
29. ↵
    Vaya A, Garcia M, Mira Y, et al. Homozygous 20210G/A prothrombin gene mutation associated with bilateral iliac vein thrombosis: a case report. Thromb Res 2001; 104: 293–6.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
30. Ranguelov R, Rosenthal N, Bromley C, Vasef M. Detection of factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutations in patients who dies with thrombotic events. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2002; 126: 1193–6.

    OpenUrlPubMed
31. ↵
    Chamouard P, Pencreach E, Maloisel F, et al. Frequent factor II G20210A mutation in idiopathic portal vein thrombosis. Gastroenterology 1999; 116: 144–8.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
32. ↵
    De Stefano V, Martinelli I, Mannucci P, et al. The risk of recurrent deep venous thrombosis among heterozygous carriers of both factor V Leiden and the G20210A prothrombin mutation. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 801–6.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
33. ↵
    De Stefano V, Martinelli I, Mannucci P, et al. The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism among heterozygous carriers of the G20210A prothrombin gene mutation. Br J Haematol 2001; 113: 630–5.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
34. ↵
    Baglin T, Luddington R, Brown K, Baglin C. Incidence of recurrent venous thromboembolism in relation to clinical and thrombophilic risk factors: prospective cohort study. Lancet 2003; 362: 523–6.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
35. Simioni P. Risk for subsequent venous thromboembolic complications in carriers of the prothrombin or the factor V gene mutation with a first episode of deep-vein thrombosis. Blood 2000; 96: 3329–33.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
36. Miles JS. G20210A mutation in the prothrombin gene and the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37: 215–8.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
37. Martinelli I, Bucciarelli P, Margaglione M, De Stefano V, Castaman G, Mannucci P. The risk of venous thromboembolism in family members with mutations in the genes of factor V or prothrombin or both. Br J Haematol 2000; 111: 1223–9.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
38. ↵
    Buller HR, Agnelli G, Hull RD, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest 2004; 126: 401S.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science