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Be readily available
Provide effective and timely pain relief
Address relational and spiritual suffering
Address emotional suffering (fear, realization that there is no turning back, exhaustion, helplessness)
Provide accurate and relevant information about the process to patient and family members
Respect cultural and religious customs and rituals surrounding the event
Recognize the situations requiring action and those requiring patience
Accept and encourage the presence of loved ones at the bedside
Recognize that birthing and dying are unique to each individual and family; avoid a “cookbook” approach
Understand that trust in the caregivers is important in achieving a desirable outcome
Recognize that effective management enhances positive memories for the patient, family, and caregivers