Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1.
2002 Emergency Department Admissions from Use of Prescription and Over-the-Counter Medications
Substance % Age at First Use Source of Feferral Opioids 55 26 Self Stimulants 28 20 Criminal justice system Tranquilizers, muscle relaxers 10 24 Self Sedatives 6 23 Self OTC medications 1 20 Self -
Data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.5
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OTC, over the counter.
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Category Drugs Examples Sedatives Barbiturates Amytal, Nebutal Flunitrazepam Rohypnol Dissociative anesthetics Ketamine Ketalar SV Opioids and morphine Codeine Tylenol with codeine derivates Fentanyl Duragesic Morphine Duramorph Opium Laudanum Others Oxycontin Stimulants Amphetamines Dexedrine Cocaine Cocaine hydrochloride Methamphetamine Desoxyn Methylphenidate Ritalin Anabolic steroids Anadrol Tranquilizers and Benzodiazepines Ativan, Halcion muscle relaxers Carisoprodol Soma -
Data from the National Institute on Drug Abuse.17
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Class Medication Medical (Legal) Use Nonmedical Use Physical Findings of Nonmedical Use Dietary supplements Supplement with piperazine Anorexia Hallucinations Acute psychosis Dissociative substances Dextromethorphan Cough suppressant Dissociative effect Psychiatric effects Coricidin Decongestant Euphoria Euphoria psychosis Chlorpheniramine Decongestant Euphoria Euphoria psychosis Dimenhydrinate Antiemetic Euphoria, hallucinations Extreme euphoria, hallucinations Diphenhydramine Sedation Euphoria “high” Tachycardia, euphoria, hallucinations, psychosis Stomach preparations Calcium-bromide combinations Antacid stomach medication Euphoria, hallucinations Neuropsychiatric symptoms Stimulants Nicotine gum Smoking cessation “High” Agitation Phenylpropanolamine Decongestant “High” physical performance enhancement Agitation, rapid heartbeat Ephedrine Anti-asthma Prolonged erection and sexual performance Priapism Pseudoephedrine Decongestant Prolonged erection and sexual performance Priapism Methylephedrine Decongestant Prolonged erection and sexual performance Priapism Caffeine Awareness Performance enhancement Agitation, rapid heartbeat Ephedra Stimulant “High” Agitation, tachycardia, flushing Cyclizine Antihistamine Euphoria Euphoria Epinephrine Bronchodilator Euphoria Headache, nausea, chest pains Laxatives Oral and rectal laxatives Anticonstipation Psychological dependence GI disturbances Sedatives Diphenhydramine Sedation Sedation Somnolence, coma Steroids Androstenedione (herbal sources) Hormone replacement Exercise enhancement Acne, glandular failure, hyperaggressive behavior Herbal Antidepressant Antidepressant Adverse psychiatric reactions Psychosis Detox cocktail Detox from drugs Serotonin syndrome Psychosis
Additional Files
Erratum
The institution affiliation information in this article is incorrect. It should read:
From private practice, Benicia, California (JEL), and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery-Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine and the Department of Anesthesia-Pain Management Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, California.
We apologize for the error, and we regret any confusion or inconvenience it may have caused.
