ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Jodi Simon, DrPH, MS; Alice Eggleston, PA-C, MPH; Dana Bright, MSW; Patrick Driscoll, RN, BSN, MPH; Jennifer Morrison, MPH, MSN, APRN; Ta-Yun Yang; David T. Liss, PhD
Corresponding Author: Jodi Simon, DrPH, MS; AllianceChicago
Email: jsimon@alliancechicago.org
DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2023.230338R1
Keywords: Chronic Disease, Community Health Centers, Continuity of Patient Care, Diabetes Mellitus, Health Inequities, Health Care Disparities, Linear Regression, Patient Care Team, Patient-Centered Care, Quality Improvement, Retrospective Studies, Telemedicine, Social Determinants of Health
Dates: Submitted: 09-15-2023; Revised: 11-27-2023; Accepted: 12-04-2023
FINAL PUBLICATION: |HTML| |PDF|
INTRODUCTION: Does telehealth decrease health disparities by improving connections to care or simply result in new barriers for vulnerable populations who often lack access to technology? This study aims to better understand the role of telehealth and social determinants of health in improving care connections and outcomes for Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) patients with diabetes.
METHODS: This retrospective analysis of Electronic Health Record (EHR) data examined the relationship between telehealth utilization and glycemic control and consistency of connection to the health care team (“connectivity”). EHR data were collected from 20 FQHCs from July 1, 2019 and December 31, 2021. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and multivariable linear regression was used to assess the associations between telehealth use and engagement in care and glycemic control.
RESULTS: The adjusted analysis found positive, statistically significant associations between telehealth use and each of the two primary outcomes. Telehealth use was associated with 0.89 additional months of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) control (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 1.04). and 4.49 additional months of connection to care (95% CI, 4.27 to 4.70).
DISCUSSION: The demonstrated increased engagement in primary care for telehealth users is significant and encouraging as FQHC populations are at greater risk of lapses in care and loss to follow up.
CONCLUSIONS: Telehealth can be a highly effective, patient-centered form of care for people with diabetes. Telehealth can play a critical role in keeping vulnerable patients with diabetes connected to their care team and involved in care and may be an important tool for reducing health disparities.