Introduction: Pulmonary vaccination could be a promising alternative to vaccination by
injection. Administration of a vaccine to the lungs does not require the use of needles, which …

China has one of the world's highest rates of hepatitis B infection. Over the past 20 years, a
series of strategies have been implemented to prevent infection with the hepatitis B virus …

Background Inadequate physician adherence to guidelines has received scant attention as
a possible cause of suboptimal human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates. We …

Adult immunization is a priority for public health, particularly in countries where an aging
population has become increasingly more numerous. Protection against diseases which …

Pneumococci are the most frequent pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).
Influenza is the most important virus for more severe upper and lower respiratory tract …

Иммунологическая память одна из ключевых функций адаптивного иммунитета,
позволяющая организму противостоять инфекциям, предотвращать развитие …

The infectious agents have been known to cause disease and later it was established that
human can be protected from pathogens after the discovery of the first vaccine. Vaccines are …

Background In 2011, a unique Q fever vaccination campaign targeted people at risk for
chronic Q fever in the southeast of the Netherlands. General practitioners referred patients …

Immunological memory is one of the key features of the adaptive immunity. It confers the
ability to resist infection and prevents development of cancer or autoimmune diseases. Most …

Envenomations by snakes and scorpions in North America, although uncommon, do occur,
and the victims may seek medical treatment. Combined, snake and scorpion encounters …