Objective To investigate whether the criteria for internal disc disruption, as adopted by the
International Association for the Study of Pain, could be satisfied in patients with chronic low …

Objectives: The authors determined the prevalence and clinical features of patients with pain
stemming from the lumbar zygapophysial joints. Summary of Background Data: Previous …

guides 2009.indd Page 1 Background: Comprehensive, evidence-based guidelines for
interventional techniques in the management of chronic spinal pain are described here to …

Three hundred four consecutive patients with low-back pain were given epidural anesthetic
and steroid injections. A prospective study demonstrated that selected patients had 87% …

Objective. The purpose of this study was to document particulate size in commonly used
corticosteroid preparations. Inadvertent injection of particulate corticosteroids into a vertebral or …

The review concluded that discography has a low false positive rate in identifying discogenic
pain in asymptomatic subjects. Limitations in the search strategy and weaknesses in the …

… In the current article, we have built on a formal discography diagnostic categorization system
previously introduced by Derby et al 9-11 with a view to facilitating ever more precise and …

An estimated 40% of chronic lumbosacral spinal pain is attributed to the discus intervertebralis.
Degenerative changes following loss of hydration of the nucleus pulposus lead to …

Although easily examined, abnormalities of the tongue can present a diagnostic and
therapeutic dilemma for physicians. Recognition and diagnosis require a thorough history, …

Prolonged structural compromise of spinal nerve roots can lead to chronic changes that
surgical decompression might not be able to reverse. In this study, it was hypothesized that if …