Central sensitization (CS) is a proposed physiological phenomenon in which central nervous
system neurons become hyperexcitable, resulting in hypersensitivity to both noxious and …

Objectives The aim of this study was to create and validate severity levels for the central
sensitization inventory ( CSI ), a valid and reliable patient‐reported outcome instrument …

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the ability of the central sensitization inventory
(CSI), a new screening instrument, to assist clinicians in identifying patients with central …

Background Context The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is a valid and reliable patient-reported
instrument designed to identify patients whose presenting symptoms may be …

Pain‐related fear avoidance ( FA ), a common problem for patients with painful medical
conditions, involves pain‐related catastrophizing cognitions, hypervigilance, and avoidance …

Objectives: To assess the clinical validity and factor structure of the Fear-Avoidance Components
Scale (FACS), a new fear-avoidance measure. Materials and Methods: In this study, …

Introduction: In 2015, the Army Office of the Surgeon General adapted a Veterans Health
Administration course for health care teams to implement holistic health practices to improve …

Musculoskeletal injuries are widespread and quite costly, both to the individual and to society.
Although it is widely recognized that stress can significantly impact the progression of a …

… Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Meredith M. Hartzell,
107 Kenilworth Park Drive, Apartment 4b, Towson, MD 21204, USA. E-mail: [email protected]…

… As expected, a repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a greater decrease in mean
number of tender points for the LFM group [M (change) =−7.0, SE (change) = 0.49], relative …