… Consistent with the results of previous observational studies, none of which met the
selection criteria for this review, the large Belarussian study (Kramer 2000a) found a significant …

What is low birth weight? In both developed and developing countries, birth weight is
probably the single most important factor that affects neonatal mortality, in addition to being a …

In this paper, we review the evidence bearing on socio‐economic disparities in pregnancy
outcome, focusing on aetiological factors mediating the disparities in intrauterine growth …

ContextCurrent evidence that breastfeeding is beneficial for infant and child health is based
exclusively on observational studies. Potential sources of bias in such studies have led to …

Background. Existing fetal growth references all suffer from 1 or more major methodologic
problems, including errors in reported gestational age, biologically implausible birth weight for …

… Drafting of the manuscript: Kramer. Critical revision of the manuscript for important
intellectual content: Kramer, Aboud, Mironova, Vanilovich, Platt, Matush, Igumnov, Fombonne, …

Background Obesity before pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of several
adverse outcomes of pregnancy. The risk profiles among lean, normal, or mildly overweight …

The localization of substance P in brain regions that coordinate stress responses and receive
convergent monoaminergic innervation suggested that substance P antagonists might …

… Kramer oversaw the study and contributed to the study design, data interpretation and
manuscript revision. All authors read, revised and approved the final version for publication. …

ContextThe World Health Organization defines preterm birth as birth at less than 37 completed
gestational weeks, but most studies have focused on very preterm infants (birth at <32 …